Editing Behaviorism (section)

===Cognitive-behavior therapy===
{{main|Cognitive-behavior therapy}}
[[Cognitive-behavioral therapy|Cognitive-behavior therapy]] (CBT) is a behavior therapy discipline that often overlaps considerably with the clinical behavior analysis subfield of ABA, but differs in that it initially incorporates cognitive restructuring and emotional regulation to alter a person's cognition and emotions. Various forms of CBT have been used to treat physically experienced symptoms that disrupt individuals' livelihood, which often stem from complex mental health disorders. Complications of many trauma-induced disorders result in lack of sleep and nightmares, with cognitive behavior therapy functioning as an intervention found to reduce the average number of [[Post-traumatic stress disorder|PTSD]] patients suffering from related sleep disturbance.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lancel |first1=Marike |last2=van Marle |first2=Hein J. F. |last3=Van Veen |first3=Maaike M. |last4=van Schagen |first4=Annette M. |date=2021-11-24 |title=Disturbed Sleep in PTSD: Thinking Beyond Nightmares |journal=Frontiers in Psychiatry |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fpsyt.2021.767760 |issn=1664-0640 |pmc=8654347 |pmid=34899428 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

A popularly noted counseling intervention known as [[dialectical behavior therapy]] (DBT) includes the use of a chain analysis, as well as cognitive restructuring, emotional regulation, distress tolerance, counterconditioning (mindfulness), and contingency management (positive reinforcement). DBT is quite similar to acceptance and commitment therapy, but contrasts in that it derives from a CBT framework. Although DBT is most widely researched for and empirically validated to reduce the risk of suicide in psychiatric patients with [[borderline personality disorder]], it can often be applied effectively to other mental health conditions, such as substance abuse, as well as mood and eating disorders. A study on BPD was conducted, confirming DBT as a constructive therapeutic option for emotionally unregulated patients. Before DBT, participants with borderline personality disorder were shown images of highly emotional people and neuron activity in the [[amygdala]] was recorded via [[Functional magnetic resonance imaging|fMRI]]; after 1 year of consistent dialectical behavior therapy, participants were re-tested, with fMRI capturing a decrease in amygdala hyperactivity (emotional activation) in response to the applied stimulus, exhibiting increases in emotional regulation capabilities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Flechsig |first1=Ariane |last2=Bernheim |first2=Dorothee |last3=Buchheim |first3=Anna |last4=Domin |first4=Martin |last5=Mentel |first5=Renate |last6=Lotze |first6=Martin |date=2023-06-28 |title=One Year of Outpatient Dialectical Behavioral Therapy and Its Impact on Neuronal Correlates of Attachment Representation in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder Using a Personalized fMRI Task |journal=Brain Sciences |volume=13 |issue=7 |pages=1001 |doi=10.3390/brainsci13071001 |issn=2076-3425 |pmc=10377139 |pmid=37508932 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Most research on exposure therapies (also called desensitization)—ranging from [[eye movement desensitization and reprocessing|eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy]] to [[exposure and response prevention]]—are conducted through a CBT framework in non-behavior analytic journals, and these enhanced exposure therapies are well-established in the research literature for treating phobic, [[Post-traumatic stress disorder|post-traumatic stress]], and other anxiety disorders (such as [[obsessive-compulsive disorder]], or OCD).

Cognitive-based behavioral activation (BA)—the psychotherapeutic approach used for depression—is shown to be highly effective and is widely used in clinical practice. Some large [[randomized control trials]] have indicated that cognitive-based BA is as beneficial as [[antidepressant]] medications but more efficacious than traditional [[cognitive therapy]]. Other commonly used clinical treatments derived from behavioral learning principles that are often implemented through a CBT model include community reinforcement approach and family training, and habit reversal training for substance abuse and tics, respectively.