Editing Business model (section)

== Examples ==
[[File:20231030 Digital media business model.svg |thumb |Some digital media platforms use a "triple-product" business model in which [[infotainment]] (information and entertainment) is exchanged for attention and user surveillance data, which in turn is [[Monetization|monetized]] for targeted ad revenue.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Diaz Ruiz |first=Carlos |date=2023-10-30 |title=Disinformation on digital media platforms: A market-shaping approach |journal=New Media & Society |language=en |doi=10.1177/14614448231207644 |issn=1461-4448|doi-access=free }} "Figure 3. The triple-product business model of digital media markets."</ref>]]

In the early history of business models it was very typical to define business model types such as bricks-and-mortar or e-broker. However, these types usually describe only one aspect of the business (most often the revenue model). Therefore, more recent literature on business models concentrate on describing a business model as a whole, instead of only the most visible aspects.

The following examples provide an overview for various business model types that have been in discussion since the invention of term ''business model'':

;[[Bricks and clicks|Bricks and clicks business model]]: Business model by which a company integrates both [[On-line and off-line|offline (''bricks'') and online (''clicks'')]] presences. One example of the bricks-and-clicks model is when a chain of stores allows the user to order products online, but lets them pick up their order at a local store.
;Collective business models: Business system, organization or association typically composed of relatively large numbers of [[business]]es, tradespersons or [[professional]]s in the same or related fields of endeavor, which pools [[resources]], shares information or provides other benefits for their members. For example, a [[science park]] or high-tech campus provides shared resources (e.g. cleanrooms and other lab facilities) to the firms located on its premises, and in addition seeks to create an innovation community among these firms and their employees.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1111/j.1467-9310.2011.00673.x|title = Value creation by knowledge-based ecosystems: Evidence from a field study| journal=R&D Management| volume=42| issue=2| pages=150–169|year = 2012|last1 = Borgh|first1 = Michel| last2=Cloodt| first2=Myriam| last3=Romme| first3=A. Georges L.| s2cid=154771621 }}</ref>
;[[Disintermediation|Cutting out the middleman]] model: The removal of [[intermediary|intermediaries]] in a [[supply chain]]: "cutting out the middleman". Instead of going through traditional distribution channels, which had some type of intermediate (such as a [[distribution (business)|distributor]], [[wholesaler]], broker, or [[agency (law)|agent]]), companies may now deal with every customer directly, for example via the Internet.
;[[Direct selling|Direct sales model]]: Direct selling is [[marketing]] and selling products to consumers directly, away from a fixed retail location. Sales are typically made through [[party plan]], one-to-one demonstrations, and other personal contact arrangements. A text book definition is: "The direct personal presentation, demonstration, and sale of products and services to consumers, usually in their homes or at their jobs."<ref>Michael A. Belch George E. Belch ''Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective'', 7/e., McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2006</ref>
;Distribution business models, various
;Fee in, free out: Business model which works by charging the first client a fee for a service, while offering that service free of charge to subsequent clients.
;[[Franchising|Franchise]]: Franchising is the practice of using another firm's successful business model. For the franchisor, the franchise is an alternative to building 'chain stores' to ''distribute'' goods and avoid investment and liability over a chain. The franchisor's success is the success of the franchisees. The franchisee is said to have a greater incentive than a direct employee because he or she has a direct stake in the business.
;{{visible anchor|Sourcing business model}}: Sourcing Business Models are a systems-based approach to structuring supplier relationships. A sourcing business model is a type of business model that is applied to business relationships where more than one party needs to work with another party to be successful. There are seven sourcing business models that range from the transactional to investment-based. The seven models are: Basic Provider, Approved Provider, Preferred Provider, Performance-Based/Managed Services Model, [[Vested outsourcing]] Business Model, Shared Services Model, and Equity Partnership Model. Sourcing business models are targeted for procurement professionals who seek a modern approach to achieve the best fit between buyers and suppliers. Sourcing business model theory is based on a collaborative research effort by the [[University of Tennessee]] (UT), the Sourcing Industry Group (SIG), the Center for Outsourcing Research and Education (CORE), and the International Association for Contracts and Commercial Management (IACCM). This research formed the basis for the 2016 book, ''Strategic Sourcing in the New Economy: Harnessing the Potential of Sourcing Business Models in Modern Procurement''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Keith|first=Bonnie |display-authors=etal |title=Strategic Sourcing in the New Economy: Harnessing the Potential of Sourcing Business Models for Modern Procurement|year= 2016|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|location=New York|isbn=978-1137552181|edition=1st}}</ref>
;[[Freemium|Freemium business model]]: Business model that works by offering basic Web services, or a basic downloadable digital product, for free, while charging a premium for advanced or special features.<ref>JLM de la Iglesia, JEL Gayo, "Doing business by selling free services". Web 2.0: The Business Model, 2008. Springer</ref>
;[[Pay what you can]] (PWYC): A [[non-profit]] or [[for-profit]] business model which does not depend on set prices for its goods, but instead asks customers to pay what they feel the product or service is worth to them.<ref name="washtimes">{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/dec/03/the-pay-as-you-can-cafe/| title=The 'pay as you can' cafe| last=Gergen| first=Chris| author2=Gregg Vanourek| date=December 3, 2008| newspaper=[[The Washington Times]]| access-date=2009-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1666973,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071004205009/http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1666973,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 4, 2007|title=Radiohead Says: Pay What You Want| last=Tyrangiel| first=Josh|date=October 1, 2007| magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | access-date=2009-03-10}}</ref> It is often used as a promotional tactic,<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.alleytheatre.org/Alley/Special_Offers_EN.asp?SnID=2| title=Pay What You Can| publisher=Alley Theatre| access-date=2009-03-10}}</ref> but can also be the regular method of doing business. It is a variation on the [[gift economy]] and cross-subsidization, in that it depends on [[Reciprocity (social and political philosophy)|reciprocity]] and trust to succeed.: "[[Pay what you want]]" (PWYW) is sometimes used synonymously, but "pay what you can" is often more oriented to charity or socially oriented uses, based more on ''ability'' to pay, while "pay what you want" is often more broadly oriented to perceived value in combination with willingness and ability to pay.
;[[Value-added reseller]] model: Value Added Reseller is a model where a business makes something which is resold by other businesses but with modifications which add value to the original product or service. These modifications or additions are mostly industry specific in nature and are essential for the distribution. Businesses going for a VAR model have to develop a VAR network. It is one of the latest collaborative business models which can help in faster development cycles and is adopted by many Technology companies especially software.

Other examples of business models are:
* Auction business model
* All-in-one business model
* [[Chemical leasing]]
* [[Low-cost carrier]] business model
* [[Loyalty business model]]s
* [[Monopoly|Monopolistic business model]]
* [[Multi-level marketing]] business model
* [[Network effect]]s business model
* [[Online auction business model]]
* Online content business model
* [[Premium business model]]
* Professional [[open-source model]]
* [[Pyramid scheme]] business model
* [[Razor and blades model]]
* [[Service economy|Servitization of products business model]]
* [[Subscription business model]]
* [[Network Orchestrators Companies]]
*[[Virtual business model]]