Editing Computer animation (section)

==Realism==
[[File:Joy &amp; Heron - Animated CGI Spot by Passion Pictures.webm|thumb|Joy &amp; Heron – a typical example of realistic animation]]
Realism in computer animation can mean making each frame look [[photorealism|photorealistic]], in the sense that the scene is rendered to resemble a photograph or make the characters' animation believable and lifelike.{{sfn|Masson|1999|pp=160–161}} Computer animation can also be realistic with or without the [[photorealistic rendering]].{{sfn|Parent|2012|pp=14–17}}

One trend in computer animation has been the effort to create human characters that look and move with the highest degree of realism. A possible outcome when attempting to make pleasing, realistic human characters is the [[uncanny valley]], the concept where the human audience (up to a point) tends to have an increasingly negative, emotional response as a human replica looks and acts more and more human. Films that have attempted photorealistic human characters, such as ''[[The Polar Express (film)|The Polar Express]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.salon.com/2004/11/10/polar_express/|title=The Polar Express|last=Zacharek|first=Stephanie|work=[[Salon (website)|Salon]]|date=2004-11-10|access-date=2015-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.newsweek.com/2013/11/01/10-scariest-movies-and-why-they-creep-us-out-243852.html|title=The 10 Scariest Movies and Why They Creep Us Out|last=Herman|first=Barbara|work=[[Newsweek]]|date=2013-10-30|access-date=2015-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/SHOWBIZ/Movies/11/10/review.polar.express/index.html|title=Review: 'Polar Express' a creepy ride|last=Clinton|first=Paul|work=[[CNN]]|date=2004-11-10|access-date=2015-06-08}}</ref> ''[[Beowulf (2007 film)|Beowulf]]'',<ref name="digital in beowulf">[http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/digital-actors-in-beowulf-are-just-uncanny/ Digital Actors in 'Beowulf' Are Just Uncanny] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827040045/http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/11/14/digital-actors-in-beowulf-are-just-uncanny/ |date=2011-08-27 }}&nbsp;– ''New York Times'', November 14, 2007</ref> and ''[[A Christmas Carol (2009 film)|A Christmas Carol]]''<ref>{{cite news|last=Neumaier|first=Joe|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/movies/blah-humbug-christmas-carol-3-d-spin-dickens-parts-lacks-spirit-article-1.414317|title=Blah, humbug! 'A Christmas Carol's 3-D spin on Dickens well done in parts but lacks spirit|work=[[Daily News (New York)|New York Daily News]]|date=November 5, 2009|access-date=October 10, 2015|archive-date=July 10, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710225226/http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/movies/blah-humbug-christmas-carol-3-d-spin-dickens-parts-lacks-spirit-article-1.414317|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Mary Elizabeth|author-link=Mary Elizabeth Williams|url=http://www.salon.com/ent/movies/review/2009/11/05/christmas_carol/index.html|title=Disney's 'A Christmas Carol': Bah, humbug!|work=Salon.com|date=November 5, 2009|access-date=October 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111042721/http://www.salon.com/ent/movies/review/2009/11/05/christmas_carol/index.html |archive-date=January 11, 2010}}</ref>
have been criticized as "disconcerting" and "creepy".

The goal of computer animation is not always to emulate live action as closely as possible, so many animated films instead feature characters who are [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphic]] animals, [[legendary creature]]s and characters, superheroes, or otherwise have non-realistic, cartoon-like proportions.{{sfn|Sito|2013|p=7}} Computer animation can also be tailored to mimic or substitute for other kinds of animation, like traditional stop-motion animation (as shown in ''[[Flushed Away]]'' or ''[[The Peanuts Movie]]''). Some of the long-standing [[12 basic principles of animation|basic principles of animation]], like [[squash and stretch]], call for movement that is not strictly realistic, and such principles still see widespread application in computer animation.{{sfn|Sito|2013|p=59}}