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Dialect continuum
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===Aramaic=== All [[modern Aramaic]] languages descend from a dialect continuum that historically existed through the Aramaization of the Levant (other than the original Aramaic-speaking parts) and Mesopotamia<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bunnens |first=Guy |date=2009 |title=ASSYRIAN EMPIRE BUILDING AND ARAMIZATION OF CULTURE AS SEEN FROM TELL AHMAR/TIL BARSIB |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20723920 |journal=Syria |publisher=Institut Francais du Proche-Orient}}</ref> and before the Islamicization of the Levant and Mesopotamia. [[Northeastern Neo-Aramaic]], including distinct varieties spoken by both Jews and Christians, is a dialect continuum although greatly disrupted by population displacement during the twentieth century.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=Ronald |title="Stammbaum" or Continuum? The Subgrouping of Modern Aramaic Dialects Reconsidered |journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society |date=2008 |volume=128 |issue=3 |pages=505β531 |jstor=25608409 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25608409 |issn=0003-0279}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mutzafi |first1=Hezy |title=Further Jewish Neo-Aramaic Innovations |journal=Journal of Jewish Languages |date=23 August 2018 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=145β181 |doi=10.1163/22134638-06011130 |s2cid=165973597 |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jjl/6/2/article-p145_1.xml |issn=2213-4638|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=Geoffrey |title=The Neo-Aramaic Dialects of Iran |journal=Iranian Studies |date=2020 |volume=53 |issue=3β4 |pages=445β463 |doi=10.1080/00210862.2020.1714430|s2cid=216353456 |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/301788 |url-access=subscription }}</ref>
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