Editing Drug test (section)

===Urine drug testing===
Urine drug test kits are available as on-site tests, or laboratory analysis. Urinalysis is the most common test type and used by federally mandated drug testing programs and is considered the Gold Standard of drug testing. Urine based tests have been upheld in most courts for more than 30 years. However, urinalysis conducted by the Department of Defense has been challenged for reliability of testing the metabolite of cocaine. There are two associated metabolites of cocaine, benzoylecgonine (BZ) and ecgonine methyl ester (EME), the first (BZ) is created by the presence of cocaine in an aqueous solution with a pH greater than 7.0, while the second (EME) results from the actual human metabolic process. The presence of EME confirms actual ingestion of cocaine by a human being, while the presence of BZ is indicative only. BZ without EME is evidence of sample contamination, however, the US Department of Defense has chosen not to test for EME in its urinalysis program.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/books-of-the-year-2013-sport-8973040.html | location=London | work=The Independent | first=Chris | last=Maume | title=Books of the year 2013: Sport | date=November 29, 2013 | access-date=August 26, 2017 | archive-date=December 20, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220064035/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/features/books-of-the-year-2013-sport-8973040.html | url-status=live }}</ref>{{relevance inline|date=October 2016}}

A number of different analyses (defined as the unknown substance being tested for) are available on Urine Drug Screens.