Editing Enuresis (section)

=== Behavioral therapy ===
Simple behavioral interventions may prove to be superior in comparison to no ongoing form of treatment and are recommended as initial treatment.<ref name="Simple behavioural interventions fo">{{cite journal | vauthors = Caldwell PH, Nankivell G, Sureshkumar P | title = Simple behavioural interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 7 | pages = CD003637 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23881652 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD003637.pub3 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* Nighttime fluid limitation
* Enuresis alarm – includes sleeping mats with electrical circuits; alarms with sensors placed in child's underwear; alarms that are wired or wireless and produce noise, vibration, or light; and alarm clocks or mobile phones for older individuals
* Motivational therapy
* [[Bladder training]] – training the bladder to hold more urine
* Reward systems – give star charts for dry nights
* Lifting – carrying the child, who is still asleep, away from the bed to an appropriate place to urinate
Waking a child up at night is not a medically supported long-term cure or solution for nocturnal enuresis, and may just be a one-time solution even if it appears to resolve enuresis.<ref name=":3" />

==== Neurostimulation ====
Evidence suggests that neurostimulation therapy may be an efficacious and safe form of treatment of pediatric primary enuresis, also known as [[Nocturnal enuresis|bedwetting]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chua ME, Fernandez N, Ming JM, Silangcruz JM, Dos Santos J, Lorenzo AJ, Koyle MA, Lopes RI | display-authors = 6 | title = Neurostimulation Therapy for Pediatric Primary Enuresis: A Meta-analysis | journal = Urology | volume = 106 | pages = 183–187 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 28476683 | doi = 10.1016/j.urology.2017.04.035 }}</ref> Neurostimulation of the sacral nerve is an option for children in which all other therapies have failed.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sulkowski JP, Nacion KM, Deans KJ, Minneci PC, Levitt MA, Mousa HM, Alpert SA, Teich S | display-authors = 6 | title = Sacral nerve stimulation: a promising therapy for fecal and urinary incontinence and constipation in children | journal = Journal of Pediatric Surgery | volume = 50 | issue = 10 | pages = 1644–7 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 25858097 | doi = 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.03.043 }}</ref> Neurostimulation treatment of adult enuresis may be considered prior to pursuing surgical methods. For adult enuresis, [[sacral nerve stimulation]] can be administered to decrease bladder muscle activity so that the bladder muscles are not constantly in a contracted state to help improve enuresis symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Marshall CJ | title = Persistent adult bedwetting treated by sacral neurotomy | journal = British Medical Journal | volume = 1 | issue = 4857 | pages = 308–11 | date = February 1954 | pmid = 13115705 | pmc = 2093347 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.1.4857.308 }}</ref><ref name="Nocturnal enuresis: non-pharmacolog">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kiddoo D | title = Nocturnal enuresis: non-pharmacological treatments | journal = BMJ Clinical Evidence | volume = 2015 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25585036 | pmc = 4292411 }}</ref>

==== Hypnotherapy ====
[[Hypnotherapy]] is often performed under the guidance of a licensed clinician or hypnotherapist. It is a guided state of relaxation, concentration and focused attention, and is often where the individual is in a guided trance-like state to treat conditions such as pediatric enuresis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hypnosis and Mental Health|url=https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-hypnotherapy|access-date=2020-08-05|website=WebMD|language=en}}</ref> However, some studies have shown that the utilization of enuresis alarm may be more effective than hypnotherapy.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Seabrook JA, Gorodzinsky F, Freedman S | title = Treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis: A randomized clinical trial comparing hypnotherapy and alarm therapy | journal = Paediatrics & Child Health | volume = 10 | issue = 10 | pages = 609–10 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 19668674 | pmc = 2722618 | doi = 10.1093/pch/10.10.609 }}</ref> On the other hand, certain types of hypnotherapy may be more effective compared to no treatment of enuresis, but evidence is insufficient.<ref name="Nocturnal enuresis: non-pharmacolog" />