Editing Ernest Shackleton (section)

== Final expedition and death ==
{{Main|Shackleton–Rowett Expedition}}
[[File:Bits & Pieces - BP348 - Sir Shackleton, UK - 1922 - EYE FLM7657 - OB104897.webm|thumb|Film fragment from 1922: Sir Ernest Shackleton]]
Shackleton returned to the [[lecture circuit]] and in December 1919 he published his own account of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, titled ''[[South (book)|South]]''.{{sfn|Fisher|Fisher|1957|pp=439–440}} In 1920, tired of public speaking, he began to consider the possibility of a last expedition. He thought seriously of going to the [[Beaufort Sea]] area of the [[Arctic]], a largely unexplored region, and raised some interest in this idea from the Canadian government.{{sfn|Fisher|Fisher|1957|pp=441–446}} With funds supplied by former schoolfriend [[John Quiller Rowett]], Shackleton acquired a 125-ton Norwegian sealer, named ''Foca I'', which he renamed {{ship||Quest|ship|2}}.{{sfn|Fisher|Fisher|1957|pp=441–446}}{{sfn|Riffenburgh|2006|p=892}}

The plan changed; the destination became the Antarctic, and the project was defined by Shackleton as an "oceanographic and sub-antarctic-expedition".{{sfn|Fisher|Fisher|1957|pp=441–446}} The goals of the venture were imprecise, but a circumnavigation of the Antarctic continent and investigation of some "lost" sub-Antarctic islands, such as [[Tuanaki]], were mentioned as objectives.{{sfn|Huntford|1985|p=684}} Rowett agreed to finance the entire expedition, which became known as the [[Shackleton–Rowett Expedition]].{{sfn|Huntford|1985|p=684}}

On 16&nbsp;September 1921, Shackleton recorded a farewell address on a [[sound-on-film]] system created by [[Harry Grindell Matthews]], who claimed it was the first "talking picture" ever made.<ref>{{cite web|last=Foster|first=Jonathan|url=http://www.harrygrindellmatthews.com/earlywireless.asp|title=Experiments with early wireless|work=The Secret Life of Harry Grindell Matthews|year=2008|access-date=9 January 2016|url-status = dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122053357/http://harrygrindellmatthews.com/earlywireless.asp|archive-date=22 January 2016}}</ref> The expedition left England on 24&nbsp;September 1921. Although some of Shackleton's former crew members had not received all of their pay from the ''Endurance'' expedition, many of them signed on with their erstwhile "Boss".{{sfn|Huntford|1985|p=684}}

When the party arrived in [[Rio de Janeiro]], Shackleton suffered a suspected heart attack.{{sfn|Huntford|1985|p=687}} He refused to have a proper medical examination, and ''Quest'' continued south, arriving at South Georgia on 4&nbsp;January 1922. In the early hours of the next morning, Shackleton summoned the expedition's physician, Alexander Macklin,{{sfn|Fisher|Fisher|1957|pp=476–478}} to his cabin  complaining of back pains and other discomfort. According to Macklin's own account, he told Shackleton that he had been overdoing things and should try to "lead a more regular life", to which Shackleton answered: "You are always wanting me to give up things, what is it I ought to give up?" Macklin replied: "Chiefly alcohol, Boss." A few moments later, at 2:50&nbsp;a.m. on 5&nbsp;January 1922, Shackleton suffered a fatal heart attack.{{sfn|Fisher|Fisher|1957|pp=476–478}}
[[File:Shackleton Grave SouthGeorgia.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Shackleton's grave at [[Grytviken]]|alt=See caption]]
After carrying out the [[post-mortem]], Macklin concluded that the cause of death was [[atheroma]] of the coronary arteries exacerbated by "overstrain during a period of debility".{{sfn|Alexander|1998|p=193}} Contemporary study of diaries kept by Eric Marshall, medical officer to the 1907{{ndash}}1909 expedition, suggests that Shackleton suffered from an [[atrial septal defect]] ("hole in the heart"), a [[congenital heart defect]], which may have been a cause of his health problems.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/12/polar-explorer-ernest-shackleton-may-have-had-hole-in-heart-doctors-say |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |title=Polar explorer Ernest Shackleton may have had hole in his heart, doctors say |first=Hannah |last=Ellis-Petersen |date=12 January 2016 |access-date=13 January 2016 |url-status=live |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731004815/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/12/polar-explorer-ernest-shackleton-may-have-had-hole-in-heart-doctors-say}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Shackleton's heart |last1=Calder |first1=Ian |last2=Till |first2=Jan |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine |volume=109 |issue=3 |date=2016 |pages=106–108 |doi=10.1177/0141076815624423|pmid=26759361 |pmc=4794964 }}</ref>

Leonard Hussey, a veteran of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, offered to accompany Shackleton's body back to Britain, but while he was in [[Montevideo]] en route to England, a message was received from Emily Shackleton asking that her husband be buried in South Georgia.{{sfn|Fisher|Fisher|1957|p=480}}{{sfn|Mill|1923|pp=278–279}} Hussey returned to South Georgia with the body on the steamer {{SS|Woodville||2}}, and on 5&nbsp;March 1922, Shackleton was buried in the [[Grytviken]] cemetery, after a short service in the [[Norwegian Anglican Church, Grytviken|Lutheran church]],{{sfn|Fisher|Fisher|1957|pp=481–483}} with [[Edward Binnie]] officiating.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/45572568 |title=Sir Ernest Shackleton—Funeral Ceremony In South Georgia—Many Wreaths On Coffin |newspaper=[[The Barrier Miner]] |via=[[Trove]] |publication-date=5 May 1922 |access-date=25 June 2014 |volume=XXXV |issue=10444 |page=1 |archive-date=11 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160611100349/http://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/45572568 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Wild|1923|p=176}} Macklin wrote in his diary: "I think this is as the boss would have had it himself, standing lonely on an island far from civilization, surrounded by a stormy tempestuous sea, and in the vicinity of one of his greatest exploits."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sgmuseum.gs/end-of-the-heroic-era/ |title=The End of the Heroic Era |work=South Georgia Museum |date=31 August 2021 |access-date=10 February 2024 |url-status=live |archive-date=8 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208094944/https://sgmuseum.gs/end-of-the-heroic-era/}}</ref>

Shackleton's will was proven in London on 12&nbsp;May 1922.<ref name="KAS 273" /> He died heavily in debt,{{sfn|Huntford|1985|p=692}} his small estate consisting of personal effects to the value of £556 (equivalent to £{{formatnum:{{Inflation|UK|556|1922|r=0}}}} in {{Inflation-year|UK}}).{{Inflation-fn|UK|df=y}}<ref name="Telegraph 2010-08-11" /> Lady Shackleton died in 1936, having survived her husband by fourteen years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lady Emily Shackleton |url=https://womenofeastbourne.co.uk/influential-women/lady-emily-shackleton/ |website=womenofeastbourne.co.uk |access-date=23 January 2024 |url-status=live |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603100111/https://womenofeastbourne.co.uk/influential-women/lady-emily-shackleton/}}</ref>

On 27 November 2011, the ashes of Frank Wild were interred on the right-hand side of Shackleton's gravesite in Grytviken. The inscription on the rough-hewn granite block set to mark the spot reads: "Frank Wild 1873–1939, Shackleton's right-hand man."<ref>{{cite web | last = Lusher | first = Adam | date = 27 November 2011 | title = Forgotten hero Frank Wild of Antarctic exploration finally laid to rest, beside his 'boss' Sir Ernest Shackleton | website = The Telegraph | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/antarctica/8917630/Forgotten-hero-of-Antarctic-exploration-finally-laid-to-rest-beside-his-boss-Sir-Ernest-Shackleton.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111128051949/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/antarctica/8917630/Forgotten-hero-of-Antarctic-exploration-finally-laid-to-rest-beside-his-boss-Sir-Ernest-Shackleton.html | url-status = dead | archive-date = 28 November 2011| access-date =8 December 2011}}</ref>

In June 2024, wreck hunters found ''Quest'', the vessel on which Shackleton made his final voyage. She was found on the [[seafloor]] off the coast of [[Newfoundland, Canada]] by a team led by the [[Royal Canadian Geographical Society]] (RCGS).<ref>{{Cite news |title=Explorer Shackleton's last ship found on ocean floor |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpvv2w2e69go |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |work=BBC News |date=12 June 2024 |archive-date=12 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612141822/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cpvv2w2e69go |url-status=live }}</ref> The ship was found "intact" lying at a depth of {{convert|390|m}}.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2024 |title=The shipwreck of Sir Ernest Shackleton's last journey is finally found |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/ernest-shackleton-quest-shipwreck-found-b2561413.html |archive-date=13 June 2024 |website=The Independent |language=en |last=Hennessey |first=Ted |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613112131/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/ernest-shackleton-quest-shipwreck-found-b2561413.html |url-status=live}}</ref>