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Friulian language
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=== Plurals === To form the plural of masculine and feminine nouns ending in -e, the -e is changed to -is (whilst a/o-ending dialects simply add an s) * {{lang|fur|taule}}, {{lang|fur|taulis}} = table, tables * {{lang|fur|cjase}}, {{lang|fur|cjasis}} = house, houses * {{lang|fur|lune}}, {{lang|fur|lunis}} = moon, moons * {{lang|fur|scuele}}, {{lang|fur|scuelis}} = school, schools * {{lang|fur|sisteme}}, {{lang|fur|sistemis}} = system, systems * {{lang|fur|manece}}, {{lang|fur|manecis}} = glove, gloves * {{lang|fur|gnece}}, {{lang|fur|gnecis}} = niece, nieces The plural of almost all other nouns is just -s. It is always pronounced as voiceless [s], as in [[English language|English]] ''cats'', never as voiced [z], as in ''dogs''. * {{lang|fur|man}}, {{lang|fur|mans}} = hand, hands * {{lang|fur|lezion}}, {{lang|fur|lezions}} = lesson, lessons * {{lang|fur|cjan}}, {{lang|fur|cjans}} = dog, dogs * {{lang|fur|gjat}}, {{lang|fur|gjats}} = cat, cats * {{lang|fur|fradi}}, {{lang|fur|fradis}} = brother, brothers * {{lang|fur|libri}}, {{lang|fur|libris}} = book, books * {{lang|fur|tren}}, {{lang|fur|trens}} = train, trains * {{lang|fur|braç}}, {{lang|fur|braçs}} = arm, arms (from Latin "bracchium") * {{lang|fur|guant}}, {{lang|fur|guants}} = glove, gloves (compare English "gauntlet") In some Friulian dialects, there are many words whose final consonant becomes silent when the -s is added. The words include just about all those whose singular form ends in -t. The plural of {{lang|fur|gjat}}, for example, is written as {{lang|fur|gjats}} but is pronounced in much of Friuli as if it were {{lang|fur|gjas}}. The plural of {{lang|fur|plat}} 'dish', though written as {{lang|fur|plats}}, is often pronounced as {{lang|fur|plas}}. Other words in this category include ''clâf'' (key) and ''clap'' (stone), whose plural forms, clâfs and claps, are often pronounced with no f or p, respectively (clâs, clas) so the longer a in the former is all that distinguishes it from the latter. A final -ç, which is pronounced either as the [[English language|English]] "-ch" (in central Friulian) or as "-s", is pluralized in writing as -çs, regardless of whether the pluralized pronunciation is "-s" or "-ts" (it varies according to dialect): messaç / messaçs (message). ==== Exceptions ==== Masculine nouns ending in -l or -li form their plurals by palatalising final -l or -li to -i. * {{lang|fur|cjaval}}, {{lang|fur|cjavai}} = horse, horses (from Latin "caballus") * {{lang|fur|fîl}}, {{lang|fur|fîi}} = string, strings (from Latin "filum") * {{lang|fur|cjapiel}}, {{lang|fur|cjapiei}} = hat, hats * {{lang|fur|cjaveli}}, {{lang|fur|cjavei}} = hair, hairs * {{lang|fur|voli}}, {{lang|fur|voi}} = eye, eyes * {{lang|fur|zenoli}}, {{lang|fur|zenoi}} = knee, knees (from Latin "genu") Notice how these very often correspond to French nouns that form an irregular plural in -''x'': ''cheval-chevaux, chapeau-chapeaux, cheveu-cheveux, oeil-yeux, genou-genoux''. Feminine nouns ending in -l have regular plurals. * ''piel'', ''piels'' = skin, skins * ''val'', ''vals'' (in northern Friulian also "tal", "tals") = valley, valleys Masculine nouns ending in -st form their plurals by palatalising the final -t to -cj * ''cavalarist'', ''cavalariscj'' = military horseman, military horsemen * ''test'', ''tescj'' = text, texts Some masculine nouns ending in -t form their plurals by palatalising the final -t to -cj: * {{lang|fur|dint}}, {{lang|fur|dincj}} = tooth, teeth (from Latin "dens, -tis") * {{lang|fur|dut}}, {{lang|fur|ducj}} = all (of one thing), all (of several things) (from Latin "totus") Nouns ending in "s" do not change spelling in the plural, but some speakers may pronounce the plural -s differently from the singular -s. * ''vues'' = bone, bones * ''pes'' = fish (singular or plural) (from Latin "piscis") * ''mês'' = month, months (from Latin "mensis") The plural of ''an'' (year) has several forms depending on dialect, including ''ain'', ''ains'', ''agn'' and ''agns''. Regardless of pronunciation, the written form is ''agns''. The same happens for the adjective ''bon'' (good), as its plural is {{lang|fur|bogns}}.
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