Editing Funding of science (section)

=== By country ===
Different countries spend vastly different amounts on research, in both absolute and relative terms. For instance, [[South Korea]] and [[Israel]] spend more than 4% of their GDP while many less developed countries spend less than 1%.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Science, technology and innovation |url=http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SCN_DS&lang=en |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=UNESCO Science, technology and innovation indicators |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820201843/http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SCN_DS&lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref> In developed economies, GERD is financed mainly by the business sector, whereas the government and the university sector dominates in less-developed economies.<ref>{{cite web|website=UNESCO|date=June 2020|access-date=26 August 2023|url=http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs59-global-investments-rd-2020-en.pdf|title=Global Investments in R&D|archive-date=25 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231025013330/https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/fs59-global-investments-rd-2020-en.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> In some countries, funding from the Rest of the World makes up 20-30% of total GERD, probably due to FDI and foreign aid, but only in Mali it is the main source of fund.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Science, technology and innovation - GERD financed by the rest of the world % |url=http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SCN_DS&lang=en |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=UNESCO Science, technology and innovation Statistics |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820201843/http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SCN_DS&lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Private non-profit is not the main source of fund in any countries, but it reaches 10% of total GERD in Columbia and Honduras.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=Science, technology and innovation- GERD financed by non-profit % |url=http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SCN_DS&lang=en |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=UNESCO Science, technology and innovation Statistics |archive-date=20 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820201843/http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SCN_DS&lang=en |url-status=live }}</ref>

When comparing annual GERD and GDP Growth, it can be seen that countries with lower GERD are often growing faster. However, as most of these countries are developing, their growth is probably driven by other [[factors of production]]. On the other hand, developed countries who have higher GERD also produce positive growth rates. GERD in these countries has a more substantial contribution to growth rate.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Country (and the EU)
!GERD as % of the GDP in 2017<ref name=":2" />
!GDP Growth (annual %) in 2017<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017 |title=GDP Growth (annual %) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?view=map&year=2017 |access-date=13 June 2022 |website=World Bank |archive-date=14 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614083204/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?view=map&year=2017 |url-status=live }}</ref>
!Main GERD source of fund<ref name=":2" />
!Targets
|-
|Israel
|4,81
|4,38
|Business
|
|-
|Republic of Korea
|4,29
|3,16
|Business
|5% by 2017
|-
|USA
|2,81
|2,33
|Business
|
|-
|European Union
|2,15
|2,8
|Business
|3% of EU GDP by 2030
|-
|China
|2,11
|6,95
|Business
|annual increase of 7% (2021- 2025)<ref>{{cite web |last=The People's Government of Fujian Province |date=9 August 2021 |title=Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) for National Economic and Social Development and Vision 2035 of the People's Republic of China |url=https://www.fujian.gov.cn/english/news/202108/t20210809_5665713.htm |access-date=13 April 2022 |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414125344/https://www.fujian.gov.cn/english/news/202108/t20210809_5665713.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|Uruguay
|0,48
|1,63
|Higher Education
|
|-
|Mali
|0,29
|5,31
|Rest of the World
|
|-
|Armenia
|0,22
|7,5
|Government
|
|-
|Iraq
|0,04
| -1,82
|Government
|
|-
|Guatemala
|0,02
|4,63
|Higher education
|
|}