Editing GSK plc (section)

==Research areas and products==
{{further|List of GSK plc products}}

===Pharmaceuticals===
GSK manufactures products for major disease areas such as asthma, cancer, infections, diabetes, and mental health. Medicines historically discovered or developed at GSK and its legacy companies and now sold as generics include [[amoxicillin]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Most-recognized brands: Anti-infectives, December 2013 |url=https://www.drugs.com/news/most-recognized-brands-anti-infectives-december-2013-49719.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127154225/https://www.drugs.com/manufacturer/glaxosmithkline-62.html |archive-date=27 January 2023 |publisher=Drugs.com}}</ref> and [[amoxicillin-clavulanate]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Geddes AM, Klugman KP, Rolinson GN |date=December 2007 |title=Introduction: historical perspective and development of amoxicillin/clavulanate |journal=Int J Antimicrob Agents |volume=30 |issue=Suppl 2 |pages=S109–12 |doi=10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.07.015 |pmid=17900874}}</ref> [[Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid|ticarcillin-clavulanate]],<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Brown AG |date=August 1986 |title=Clavulanic acid, a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor--a case study in drug discovery and development |journal=Drug Des Deliv |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=1–21 |pmid=3334541}}</ref> [[mupirocin]],<ref>{{cite web |title=mupirocin search results |website=DailyMed |url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=mupirocin |access-date=12 March 2020 |archive-date=4 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204035210/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=mupirocin |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[ceftazidime]]<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Richards DM, Brogden RN |title=Ceftazidime. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use |journal=Drugs |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=105–61 |date=February 1985 |pmid=3884319 |doi=10.2165/00003495-198529020-00002 |s2cid=265707490}}</ref> for bacterial infections, [[zidovudine]] for [[HIV infection]], [[valacyclovir]] for herpes virus infections, [[albendazole]] for parasitic infections, [[sumatriptan]] for [[migraine]], [[lamotrigine]] for epilepsy, [[bupropion]] and [[paroxetine]] for [[major depressive disorder]], [[cimetidine]] and [[ranitidine]] for [[gastroesophageal reflux disorder]], [[mercaptopurine]]<ref name="pubs.acs.org">{{Cite web |title=Chemical & Engineering News: Top Pharmaceuticals: 6-Mercaptopurine |url=https://pubsapp.acs.org/cen/coverstory/83/8325/83256-mercaptopurine.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601233238/https://pubsapp.acs.org/cen/coverstory/83/8325/83256-mercaptopurine.html |archive-date=1 June 2023 |access-date=11 September 2023 |website=pubsapp.acs.org}}</ref> and [[thioguanine]]<ref name="ScienceHistory">{{cite web |date=June 2016 |title=George Hitchings and Gertrude Elion |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/george-hitchings-and-gertrude-elion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609192507/https://www.sciencehistory.org/education/scientific-biographies/george-hitchings-and-gertrude-elion/ |archive-date=9 June 2023 |publisher=Science History Institute}}</ref> for the treatment of leukemia, [[allopurinol]] for [[gout]],<ref name="The purine path to chemotherapy">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elion GB |title=The purine path to chemotherapy |journal=Science |volume=244 |issue=4900 |pages=41–7 |year=1989 |pmid=2649979 |doi=10.1126/science.2649979 |bibcode=1989Sci...244...41E}}</ref> gepotidacin for UTIs,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-25 |title=Blujepa (gepotidacin) approved by US FDA for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) in female adults and paediatric patients 12 years of age and older {{!}} GSK |url=https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/media/press-releases/blujepa-gepotidacin-approved-by-us-fda-for-treatment-of-uncomplicated-urinary-tract-infections/ |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=www.gsk.com |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-03-25 |title=FDA approves first new antibiotic for UTIs in nearly 30 years |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/fda-approves-first-new-antibiotic-utis-nearly-30-years-rcna197953 |access-date=2025-03-26 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> [[pyrimethamine]] for [[malaria]],<ref name="nytimes.com">{{cite news |last=Altman |first=Lawrence K. |date=23 February 1999 |title=Gertrude Elion, Drug Developer, Dies at 81 |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/23/us/gertrude-elion-drug-developer-dies-at-81.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091017170627/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/23/us/gertrude-elion-drug-developer-dies-at-81.html |archive-date=17 October 2009}}</ref> and the antibacterial [[trimethoprim]].<ref name="ScienceHistory"/>

Among these, albendazole, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, allopurinol, mercaptopurine, mupirocin, pyrimethamine, ranitidine, thioguanine, trimethoprim, and zidovudine are on the [[WHO Model List of Essential Medicines|World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines]].<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book |vauthors=((World Health Organization)) |title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 |year=2019 |hdl=10665/325771 |author-link=World Health Organization |publisher=World Health Organization |location=Geneva |id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO |hdl-access=free}}</ref>

===Malaria vaccine===
In 2014, GSK applied for regulatory approval for the first [[malaria vaccine]].<ref name="malariavaccine" /> [[Malaria]] is responsible for over 650,000 deaths annually, mainly in Africa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.path.org/news/press-room/651/ |title=Press release: Malaria vaccine candidate reduces disease over 18 months of follow-up in late-stage study of more than 15,000 infants and young children |publisher=PATH |access-date=13 May 2014 |archive-date=15 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415124827/http://www.path.org/news/press-room/651/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Known as [[RTS,S]], the vaccine was developed as a joint project with the [[PATH (global health organization)|PATH]] vaccines initiative and the [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]]. The company has committed to making the vaccine available in developing countries for five per cent above the cost of production.<ref name=malariavaccine/>

{{As of|2013}}, RTS,S, which uses GSK's proprietary AS01 adjuvant, was being examined in a Phase 3 trial in eight African countries. PATH reported that "[i]n the 12-month period following vaccination, RTS,S conferred approximately 50% protection from clinical Plasmodium falciparum disease in children aged 5-17 months, and approximately 30% protection in children aged 6-12 weeks when administered in conjunction with Expanded Program for Immunization (EPI) vaccines."<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Birkett AJ, Moorthy VS, Loucq C, Chitnis CE, Kaslow DC |display-authors=3 |date=April 2013 |title=Malaria vaccine R&D in the Decade of Vaccines: breakthroughs, challenges and opportunities |journal=Vaccine |volume=31 |issue=Supplement 2 |pages=B233–43 |doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.040 |pmid=23598488}}</ref> In 2014, Glaxo said it had spent more than US$350{{nbsp}}million and expected to spend an additional US$260{{nbsp}}million before seeking regulatory approval.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gsk.com/media/press-releases/2013/malaria-vaccine-candidate-reduces-disease-over-18-months-of-foll.html |title=Malaria vaccine candidate reduces disease over 18 months of follow-up in late-stage study of more than 15,000 infants and young children |publisher=GlaxoSmithKline |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407081405/http://www.gsk.com/media/press-releases/2013/malaria-vaccine-candidate-reduces-disease-over-18-months-of-foll.html |archive-date=7 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=McNeil |first=Donald G. Jr. |author-link=Donald G. McNeil Jr. |date=18 October 2011 |title=Scientists See Promise in Vaccine for Malaria |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/19/health/19malaria.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405085414/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/19/health/19malaria.html |archive-date=5 April 2023}}</ref>

===Consumer healthcare===
GSK's consumer healthcare division, which earned £5.2{{nbsp}}billion in 2013, sells oral healthcare, including [[List of toothpaste brands|Aquafresh]], [[List of toothpaste brands|Macleans]] and [[Sensodyne]] toothpastes. GSK also previously owned the [[Lucozade]] and [[Ribena]] brands of soft drinks, but they were sold in 2013, to [[Suntory]] for £1.35bn.<ref name=Monaghan/> Other products include [[Docosanol|Abreva]] to treat cold sores; Night Nurse, a cold remedy; Breathe Right [[nasal strip]]s; and [[Nicoderm]] and [[Nicorette]] nicotine replacements.<ref name="Maj07">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vI9vE7_LJX4C&pg=PT242 |title=Product management in India |publisher=PHI Learning |year=2007 |page=242 |isbn=978-81-203-3383-3 |first=Ramanuj |last=Majumdar |edition=3rd}}</ref> In March 2014, it recalled [[Orlistat|Alli]], an over-the-counter weight-loss drug, in the United States and [[Puerto Rico]] because of possible tampering, following customer complaints.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Aaron |date=27 March 2014 |title=Alli, a popular weight-loss drug, is recalled by maker GlaxoSmithKline for possible tampering |url=https://money.cnn.com/2014/03/27/news/companies/glaxosmithkline-alli-recall/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140328051325/http://money.cnn.com/2014/03/27/news/companies/glaxosmithkline-alli-recall/ |archive-date=28 March 2014 |access-date=11 September 2023 |website=CNNMoney}}</ref> On 18 July 2022, GSK formally spun off its consumer healthcare business as a separate entity, [[Haleon]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kansteiner |first1=Fraiser |title=GSK offloads remaining stake in Haleon for £1.25B |url=https://www.fiercepharma.com/pharma/gsk-plans-offload-remaining-stake-consumer-health-spinoff-haleon-through-385m-share-offer#:~:text=GSK%20completed%20the%20spinoff%20of,%2C%20Sensodyne%2C%20Tums%20and%20Theraflu. |website=www.fiercepharma.com |language=en |date=17 May 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Consumer Healthcare Demerger {{!}} GSK |url=https://www.gsk.com/en-gb/investors/corporate-actions/consumer-healthcare-demerger/ |website=www.gsk.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Roland |first1=Denise |title=GSK Spins Off $36 Billion Consumer-Healthcare Business Haleon |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/gsk-spins-off-36-billion-consumer-healthcare-business-haleon-11658135866 |website=The Wall Street Journal |date=18 July 2022 |language=en}}</ref>

===Facilities===
{{As of|2013}}, GSK had offices in over 115 countries and employed over 99,000 people, 12,500 in [[Research and development|R&D]]. The company's single largest market is the United States. Its US headquarters are in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Durham, North Carolina; its consumer-products division is in [[Moon Township, Pennsylvania]].<ref name=achievements>[http://www.gsk.com/about-us/what-we-do.html "About us: what we do"], GlaxoSmithKline, accessed 16 November 2013 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013192519/http://www.gsk.com/about-us/what-we-do.html |date=13 October 2013 }}</ref>

===COVID-19 vaccine===
{{main article|Sanofi–GSK COVID-19 vaccine}}
In July 2020, the UK government signed up for 60 million doses of a [[COVID-19 vaccine]] developed by GSK and [[Sanofi]]. It uses a [[recombinant DNA|recombinant protein]]–based technology from Sanofi and GSK's pandemic technology. The companies claimed to be able to produce one billion doses, subject to successful trials and regulatory approval, during the first half of 2021.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 July 2020 |title=Coronavirus vaccine: UK signs deal with GSK and Sanofi |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53577637 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729070218/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-53577637 |archive-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> The company also agreed to a $2.1&nbsp;billion deal with the United States to produce 100 million doses of the vaccine.<ref>{{cite web |last=Lovelace Jr. |first=Berkeley |date=31 July 2020 |title=U.S. agrees to pay Sanofi and GSK $2.1&nbsp;billion for 100 million doses of coronavirus vaccine |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/31/us-agrees-to-pay-sanofi-and-gsk-2point1-billion-for-100-million-doses-of-coronavirus-vaccine.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801234333/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/31/us-agrees-to-pay-sanofi-and-gsk-2point1-billion-for-100-million-doses-of-coronavirus-vaccine.html |archive-date=1 August 2020 |publisher=CNBC}}</ref>