Editing Haptic technology (section)

==== Mobile devices ====
[[File:LG P710 Optimus L7 II - Vibramotor SJMY0007108-7058.jpg|thumb|Vibramotor of LG Optimus L7 II]]
Tactile haptic feedback is common in [[mobile phone|cellular device]]s. In most cases, this takes the form of vibration response to touch. [[Alpine Electronics]] uses a haptic feedback technology named ''PulseTouch'' on many of their touch-screen car navigation and stereo units.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 8, 2007 |title=Alpine Electronics Ships New IVA-W205 Double-DIN Audio/Vide + Navigation Head Unit |url=http://www.alpine-usa.com/US-en/company/pr/pr.php?prid=153&year=2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081117202003/http://www.alpine-usa.com/US-en/company/pr/pr.php?prid=153&year=2007 |archive-date=November 17, 2008 |access-date=2009-12-15 |location=Torrance, CA}}</ref> The [[Nexus One]] features haptic feedback, according to their specifications.<ref>{{cite web |title=What's With Tech? –Technology Guide For Dummies |url=http://whatswithtech.com/nexus-one-phone-feature-overview-technical-specifications/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112258/http://whatswithtech.com/nexus-one-phone-feature-overview-technical-specifications/ |archive-date=2015-04-02 |access-date=2017-05-17 |website=whatswithtech.com |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Samsung Electronics|Samsung]] first launched a phone with haptics in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |date=26 June 2006 |title=Mobile Phones to Get Tactile Touch Screens |url=http://www.techhive.com/article/126228/article.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816113055/http://www.pcworld.com/article/126228/article.html |archive-date=2016-08-16 |access-date=2015-10-07 |website=TechHive}}</ref>

Surface haptics refers to the production of variable forces on a user's finger as it interacts with a surface such as a touchscreen.

Notable introductions include: 
* Tanvas<ref>Rediscover Touch. [http://tanvas.co/#technology Tanvas, Inc. website.] retrieved 2016-06-05</ref> uses an [[electrostatic]] technology<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fi8N1krVh7E?rel=0 "Finger on Electrostatic Touchscreen in Slow Motion."] YouTube video retrieved 2016-06-05</ref> to control the in-plane forces experienced by a fingertip, as a programmable function of the finger's motion. The TPaD Tablet Project uses an [[ultrasound|ultrasonic]] technology to modulate the apparent slipperiness of a glass touchscreen.<ref>[http://tpadtablet.org/home/ "TPaD Tablet Project website."] retrieved 2016-06-05</ref>
* In 2013, [[Apple Inc.]] was awarded the patent for a haptic feedback system that is suitable for multitouch surfaces. Apple's U.S. Patent for a "Method and apparatus for localization of haptic feedback" describes a system where at least two actuators are positioned beneath a multitouch input device, providing vibratory feedback when a user makes contact with the unit.<ref>{{cite web |author=Pance, Alioshin & Bilbrey, Aleksandar & Paul, Brett |date=February 19, 2013 |title=United States Patent: 8378797 – Method and apparatus for localization of haptic feedback |url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm&r=33&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&S1=(apple.ASNM.+AND+20130219.PD.)&OS=an/apple+and+isd/2/19/2013&RS=(AN/apple+AND+ISD/20130219) |access-date=2017-05-17 |issue=8378797 |archive-date=2018-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180513080842/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-adv.htm&r=33&f=G&l=50&d=PTXT&S1=(apple.ASNM.+AND+20130219.PD.)&OS=an/apple+and+isd/2/19/2013&RS=(AN/apple+AND+ISD/20130219) |url-status=dead }}</ref> Specifically, the patent provides for one actuator to induce a feedback vibration, while at least one other actuator uses its vibrations to localize the haptic experience by preventing the first set of vibrations from propagating to other areas of the device. The patent gives the example of a "virtual keyboard," however, it is also noted that the invention can be applied to any multitouch interface.<ref>{{cite news |last=Campbell |first=Mikey |date=2013-02-19 |title=Apple awarded patent for more accurate haptic feedback system |url=http://appleinsider.com/articles/13/02/19/apple-awarded-patent-for-more-accurate-haptic-feedback-system |access-date=3 April 2013 |newspaper=Apple Insider}}</ref> Apple's [[iPhones]] (and [[#Personal computers|MacBooks]]) featuring the "Taptic Engine", accomplish their vibrations with a linear resonant actuator (LRA), which moves a mass in a reciprocal manner by means of a [[Voice coil|magnetic voice coil]], similar to how AC electrical signals are translated into motion in the cone of a [[loudspeaker]]. LRAs are capable of quicker response times than ERMs, and thus can transmit more accurate haptic imagery.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ye |first=Shen |date=2015-04-08 |title=The science behind Force Touch and the Taptic Engine |url=https://www.imore.com/science-behind-taptics-and-force-touch |access-date=2019-07-19 |website=iMore |language=en}}</ref>