Editing Imperative mood (section)

===Indic Languages===

====Hindi-Urdu====
In [[Hindi]]-[[Urdu]] ([[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]) the imperatives are conjugated by adding suffixes to the root verb. The negative and positive imperatives are not constructed differently in Hindustani. There are three negations that be used to form negative imperatives.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Bhatt |first1=Rajesh |last2=Sharma |first2=Ghanshyam |title=Trends in Hindi Linguistics |publisher=De Gruyter Mouton |year=2018 |isbn=978-3-11-060698-0 |location=Berlin/Boston |pages=315}}</ref> They are:

* Imperative negation - '''mat''' {{lang|hi|मत}} {{lang|ur|مت}} (used with verbs in imperative mood)
* Indicative negation - '''nahī̃''' {{lang|hi|नहीं}} {{lang|ur|نہیں}} (used with verbs in [[Indicative mood|indicative]] and [[presumptive mood]])
* Subjunctive negation - '''nā''' {{lang|hi|ना}} {{lang|ur|نا}} (used with verbs in [[Subjunctive mood|subjunctive]] and [[Counterfactual conditional|contrafactual mood]])

Often to soften down the tone of the imperatives, the subjunctive and indicative negation are used to form negative imperatives. Imperatives can also be formed using subjunctives to give indirect commands to the third person and to formal second person.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Third Person Imperatives in Hindi| date=6 August 2013 |url=https://hindilanguage.info/notes/volume-4/third-person-imperatives/}}</ref> A peculiar feature of Hindi-Urdu is that it has imperatives in two tenses; present and the future tense.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/0/82184/files/2020/02/FASAL_10_paper_6.pdf|title=Deferred imperatives across Indo-Aryan|accessdate=26 December 2023}}</ref> The present tense imperative gives command in the present and future imperative gives command for the future. Hindi-Urdu explicitly marks grammatical aspects and any verb can be put into the simple, habitual, perfective, and progressive aspects. Each aspect in turn can be conjugated into five different grammatical moods, imperative mood being one of them.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ {{lang|hi|करना}} {{Transliteration|inc|karnā}} {{lang|ur|کرنا}} (to do) conjugated into the imperative mood for all the four aspectual forms
! rowspan="3" colspan="3" |
! colspan="3" | 2nd person pronouns
! rowspan="3" | Translation
|-
! Intimate
! Familiar
! Formal
|-
! {{lang|hi|तू}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|tū}}<br />{{lang|ur|تو}}
! {{lang|hi|तुम}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|tum}}<br />{{lang|ur|تم}}
! {{lang|hi|आप}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|āp}}<br />{{lang|ur|آپ}}
|-
! rowspan="4" | Simple<br />aspect
! rowspan="2" | Present
! ♀
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|hi|कर}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر}}
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|hi|करो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|karo}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرو}}
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|hi|करिये}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kariye}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرے}}
| rowspan="2" | do nowǃ
|-
! ♂
|-
! rowspan="2" | Future
! ♀
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|hi|करियो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kariyo}}<br />{{lang|ur|کریو}}
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|hi|करना}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|karnā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرنا}}
| rowspan="2" | {{lang|hi|करियेगा}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kariyegā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کریگا}}
| rowspan="2" | do laterǃ
|-
! ♂
|-
! rowspan="4" | [[Habitual aspect|Habitual<br />aspect]]
! rowspan="2" | Present
! ♀
| {{lang|hi|करता रह}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kartā rêh}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرتا رہ}}
| {{lang|hi|करते रहो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|karte raho}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرتے رہو}}
| {{lang|hi|करते रहिये}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|karte rahiye}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرتے رہے}}
| rowspan="2" | keep doingǃ
|-
! ♂
| {{lang|hi|करती रह}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kartī rêh}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرتی رہ}}
| {{lang|hi|करती रहो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kartī raho}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرتی رہو}}
| {{lang|hi|करती रहिये}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kartī rahiye}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرتی رہے}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | Future
! ♀
| {{lang|hi|करता रहियो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kartā rahiyo}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرتا رہیو}}
| {{lang|hi|करते रहना}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|karte rêhnā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرتے رہنا}}
| {{lang|hi|करते रहियेगा}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|karte rahiyegā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرتے رہیگا}}
| rowspan="2" | keep doing later as wellǃ
|-
! ♂
| {{lang|hi|करती रहियो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kartī rahiyo}}<br />{{lang|ur|لڑتی رہیو}}
| {{lang|hi|करती रहना}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kartī rêhnā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرتی رہنا}}
| {{lang|hi|करती रहियेगा}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kartī rahiyegā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کرتی رہیگا}}
|-
! rowspan="4" | [[Perfective aspect|Perfective<br />aspect]]
! rowspan="2" | Present
! ♀
| {{lang|hi|किया रह}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kiyā rêh}}<br />{{lang|ur|کیا رہ}}
| {{lang|hi|किये रहो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kiye raho}}<br />{{lang|ur|کے رہو}}
| {{lang|hi|किये रहिये}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kiye rahiye}}<br />{{lang|ur|کے رہے}}
| rowspan="2" | keep (it) done nowǃ
|-
! ♂
| {{lang|hi|की रह}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kī rêh}}<br />{{lang|ur|کی رہ}}
| {{lang|hi|की रहो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kī raho}}<br />{{lang|ur|کی رہو}}
| {{lang|hi|की रहिये}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kī rahiye}}<br />{{lang|ur|کی رہے}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | Future
! ♀
| {{lang|hi|किया रहियो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kiyā rahiyo}}<br />{{lang|ur|کیا رہیو}}
| {{lang|hi|किये रहना}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kiye rêhnā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کے رہنا}}
| {{lang|hi|किये रहियेगा}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kiye rahiyegā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کے رہیگا}}
| rowspan="2" | keep (it) done laterǃ
|-
! ♂
| {{lang|hi|की रहियो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kī rahiyo}}<br />{{lang|ur|کی رہیو}}
| {{lang|hi|की रहना}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kī rêhnā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کی رہنا}}
| {{lang|hi|की रहियेगा}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kī rahiyegā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کی رہیگا}}
|-
! rowspan="4" | [[Progressive aspect|Progressive<br />aspect]]
! rowspan="2" | Present
! ♀
| {{lang|hi|कर रहा रह}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar rahā rêh}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر رہا رہ}}
| {{lang|hi|कर रहे रहो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar rahe raho}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر رہے رہو}}
| {{lang|hi|कर रहे रहिये}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar rahe rahiye}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر رہے رہے}}
| rowspan="2" | be/continue doingǃ
|-
! ♂
| {{lang|hi|कर रही रह}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar rahī rêh}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر رہی رہ}}
| {{lang|hi|कर रही रहो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar rahī raho}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر رہی رہو}}
| {{lang|hi|कर रही रहिये}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar rahī rahiye}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر رہی رہے}}
|-
! rowspan="2" | Future
! ♀
| {{lang|hi|कर रहा रहियो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar rahā rahiyo}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر رہا رہیو}}
| {{lang|hi|कर रहे रहना}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar rahe rêhnā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر رہے رہنا}}
| {{lang|hi|कर रहे रहियेगा}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar rahe rahiyegā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر رہے رہیگا}}
| rowspan="2" | be/stay doingǃ
|-
! ♂
| {{lang|hi|कर रही रहियो}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar rahī rahiyo}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر رہی رہیو}}
| {{lang|hi|कर रही रहना}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar rahī rêhnā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر رہی رہنا}}
| {{lang|hi|कर रही रहियेगा}}<br />{{transliteration|inc|kar rahī rahiyegā}}<br />{{lang|ur|کر رہی رہیگا}}
|}

====Sanskrit====
In [[Sanskrit]], {{langx|sa|लोट् लकार|translit=lōṭ lakāra|label=none}} is used with the verb to form the imperative mood. To form the negative, {{langx|sa|न|translit=na|label=none}} or {{langx|sa|मा|translit=mā|label=none}} (when the verb is in passive or active voice respectively) is placed before the verb in the imperative mood.

====Bengali====
Standard modern [[Bengali language|Bengali]] uses the negative postposition /nā/ after a future imperative formed using the {{lang|bn|-iyo}} fusional suffix (in addition, umlaut vowel changes in the verb root might take place).