Editing Instrumental case (section)

==Turkic==

===Turkish===
[[Turkish language|Turkish]] uses the conjunction ''ile'' ("with"), and its suffixed form ''-(y)lA'' (realised as ''-(y)la'' or ''-(y)le'', depending on the dominant vowel of the noun—see [[vowel harmony]]) to indicate the instrumental case. For example, in the sentence ''Arabayla geldi'' 'he came by (the use of a) car', ''araba'' means 'car' and ''arabayla'' means 'by (the use of a) car, with a car'.

The original [[Proto-Turkic]] instrumental case suffix was ''-n'', which is less [[productivity (linguistics)|productive]] today but is preserved in common words like ''yazın'' ("during the summer"), ''kışın'' ("during the winter"), ''öğlen'' ("at noon"), and ''yayan'' ("by foot", "on foot"). It became less productive in most [[Oghuz Turkic]] languages. The conjunction ''ile'' ("with") in Turkish has semantically expanded to fill the gap (''kürek ile'' or ''kürekle'', meaning "with the shovel" > "using the shovel"), being used as an instrumental marker, and the suffix ''-(y)lA'' (''-le'', ''-la'', ''-yle'', ''-yla'') is a form of ''ile'' which has been grammaticalized into an agglutinative suffix as a result of quick speech, becoming an [[enclitic]].