Editing Long-term memory (section)

=== Implicit memory ===
Implicit memory (procedural memory) refers to the use of objects or movements of the body, such as how exactly to use a pencil, drive a car, or ride a bicycle. This type of memory is encoded, and it is presumed stored by the [[striatum]] and other parts of the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia is believed to mediate procedural memory and other brain structures and is largely independent of the hippocampus.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Foerde | first1 = K. | last2 = Poldrack | first2 = R.A. | year = 2009 | title = Procedural learning in humans| volume = 7 | pages = 1083–1091 | doi = 10.1016/B978-008045046-9.00783-X | isbn = 9780080450469 }}</ref> Research by Manelis, Hanson, and Hanson (2011) found that the reactivation of the [[Parietal lobe|parietal]] and [[occipital region]]s was associated with implicit memory.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Manelis | first1 = A. | last2 = Hanson | first2 = C. | last3 = Hanson | first3 = S. J. | year = 2011 | title = Implicit memory for object locations depends on reactivation of encoding-related brain regions | journal = Human Brain Mapping | volume = 32 | issue = 1| pages = 32–50 | doi = 10.1002/hbm.20992 | pmid = 21157878 | pmc=3065329}}</ref> Procedural memory is considered non-declarative memory or unconscious memory which includes [[Priming (psychology)|priming]] and [[non-associative learning]].<ref name="Wood2011" /><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Holz | first1 = J. | last2 = Piosczyk | first2 = H. | last3 = Landnann | first3 = N. | last4 = Feige | first4 = B. | last5 = Spiegelhalden | first5 = K. | last6 = Riemann | first6 = D. | last7 = Nissen | first7 = C. | last8 = Voderholzer | first8 = V. | year = 2012 | title =The Timing of Learning before Night-Time Sleep Differentially Affects Declarative and Procedural Long-Term Memory Consolidation in Adolescents | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 7 | issue = 7| pages = 1–10| doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0040963| bibcode = 2012PLoSO...740963H | pmid=22808287 | pmc=3395672| doi-access = free }}</ref>
The first part of nondeclarative memory (implicit memory) involves priming. Priming occurs when you do something faster after you have already done that activity, such as writing or using a fork.<ref name="Long-term memory systems">{{cite book|last1=Eysenck|first1=Michael W.|title=Fundamentals of Cognition|date=2012|publisher=Psychology Press|location=New York City|isbn=978-1-84872-070-1|page=155|edition=Second}}</ref>
Other categories of memory may also be relevant to the discussion of LTM. For example:

Emotional memory, the memory for events that evoke a particularly strong emotion, is a domain that can involve both declarative and procedural memory processes. Emotional memories are consciously available, but elicit a powerful, unconscious physiological reaction. Research indicates that the [[amygdala]] is extremely active during emotional situations and acts with the hippocampus and [[prefrontal cortex]] in the encoding and consolidation of emotional events.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Buchanan | first1 = Tony W | year = 2007 | title = Retrieval of emotional memories | journal = Psychological Bulletin | volume = 133 | issue = 5| pages = 761–779 | doi = 10.1037/0033-2909.133.5.761 | pmc = 2265099 | pmid=17723029}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Cahill | first1 = L. | last2 = McGaugh | first2 = J. L. | year = 1996 | title = Modulation of memory storage | journal = Current Opinion in Neurobiology | volume = 6 | issue = 2| pages = 237–242 | doi = 10.1016/S0959-4388(96)80078-X | pmid = 8725966 | s2cid = 8618890 }}</ref>

Working memory is not part of LTM but is important for it to function. Working memory holds and manipulates information for a short period of time, before it is either forgotten or encoded into LTM. Then, in order to remember something from LTM, it must be brought back into working memory. If working memory is overloaded, it can affect the encoding of LTM. If one has a good working memory, they may have a better LTM encoding.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Axmacher | first1 = N. | last2 = Haupt | first2 = S. | last3 = Cohen | first3 = M. X. | last4 = Elger | first4 = C. F. | last5 = Fell | first5 = J. | year = 2010 | title = Electrophysiological signature of working and long-term memory interaction in the human hippocampus | journal = European Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 31 | issue = 1| pages = 101–117 | doi = 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.07041.x | pmid = 20092564 | s2cid = 16323508 | doi-access = free }}</ref>