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Multiple sclerosis
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=== Inflammation === Apart from demyelination, the other sign of the disease is [[inflammation]]. Fitting with an [[immunological]] explanation, the inflammatory process is caused by [[T cell]]s, a kind of [[lymphocyte]]s that plays an important role in the body's defenses.<ref name="pmid119555563"/> T cells gain entry into the brain as a result of disruptions in the [[blood–brain barrier]]. The T cells recognize myelin as foreign and attack it, explaining why these cells are also called "autoreactive lymphocytes".<ref name="pmid1897097722"/> The attack on myelin starts inflammatory processes, which trigger other immune cells and the release of soluble factors like [[cytokine]]s and [[antibodies]]. A further breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, in turn, causes many other damaging effects, such as [[oedema|swelling]], activation of [[macrophages]], and more activation of cytokines and other destructive proteins.<ref name="pmid119555563"/> Inflammation can potentially reduce transmission of information between neurons in at least three ways.<ref name="pmid1897097722"/> The soluble factors released might stop neurotransmission by intact neurons. These factors could lead to or enhance the loss of myelin, or they may cause the axon to break down completely.<ref name="pmid1897097722"/>
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