Editing Open access (section)

=== Archiving ===

The "green" route to OA refers to author self-archiving, in which a version of the article (often the peer-reviewed version before editorial typesetting, called "postprint") is posted online to an institutional or subject repository. This route is often dependent on journal or publisher policies,<ref group="note">{{Cite web |title=SHERPA/RoMEO |url=http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/index.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190830211037/http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/index.php |archive-date=30 August 2019 |access-date=28 August 2019}} database.</ref> which can be more restrictive and complicated than respective "gold" policies regarding deposit location, license, and embargo requirements. Some publishers require an embargo period before deposition in public repositories,<ref name="Gadd 2019">{{Cite journal |last1=Gadd |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Troll Covey |first2=Denise |year=2019 |title=What Does "Green" Open Access Mean? Tracking Twelve Years of Changes to Journal Publisher Self-Archiving Policies |url=https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/21555 |url-status=live |journal=Journal of Librarianship and Information Science |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=106–122 |doi=10.1177/0961000616657406 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831011405/https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/What_does_green_open_access_mean_Tracking_twelve_years_of_changes_to_journal_publisher_self-archiving_policies/9491174 |archive-date=31 August 2020 |access-date=28 August 2019 |s2cid=34955879}}</ref> arguing that immediate self-archiving risks loss of subscription income.

==== Embargo periods ====
[[File:Elsevier Embargo lengths.png|thumb|upright|Length of embargo times for bronze [[Elsevier|Elsevier journals]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Journal embargo finder |url=https://www.elsevier.com/en-au/about/open-science/open-access/journal-embargo-finder |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518051616/https://www.elsevier.com/en-au/about/open-science/open-access/journal-embargo-finder |archive-date=18 May 2019 |access-date=17 May 2019 |website=www.elsevier.com}}</ref>]] [[Embargo (academic publishing)|Embargoes]] are imposed by between 20 and 40% of journals,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Laakso |first=Mikael |date=1 May 2014 |title=Green open access policies of scholarly journal publishers: a study of what, when, and where self-archiving is allowed |journal=Scientometrics |language=en |volume=99 |issue=2 |pages=475–494 |doi=10.1007/s11192-013-1205-3 |issn=1588-2861 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10138/157660 |s2cid=8225450}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Harnad |first=Stevan |title=Open access: what, where, when, how and why |date=2015 |url=https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/361704/ |work=Ethics, Science, Technology, and Engineering: An International Resource |editor-last=Holbrook |editor-first=J. Britt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805201244/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/361704/ |others=Stevan Harnad, J. Britt Holbrook, Carl Mitcham |publisher=Macmillan Reference |language=en |access-date=6 January 2020 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |editor2-last=Mitcham |editor2-first=Carl |url-status=live}}</ref> during which time an article is paywalled before permitting self-archiving (green OA) or releasing a free-to-read version (bronze OA).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Laakso |first1=Mikael |last2=Björk |first2=Bo-Christer |date=2013 |title=Delayed open access: An overlooked high-impact category of openly available scientific literature |journal=Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology |language=en |volume=64 |issue=7 |pages=1323–1329 |doi=10.1002/asi.22856 |hdl-access=free |hdl=10138/157658}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bjork |first1=Bo-Christer |last2=Roos |first2=Annikki |last3=Lauri |first3=Mari |date=2009 |title=Scientific Journal Publishing: Yearly Volume and Open Access Availability |url=https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ837278 |url-status=live |journal=Information Research: An International Electronic Journal |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |issn=1368-1613 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200805203303/https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ837278 |archive-date=5 August 2020 |access-date=6 January 2020}}</ref> Embargo periods typically vary from 6–12 months in [[Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics|STEM]] and >12 months in [[humanities]], [[The arts|arts]] and [[social sciences]].<ref name="TenMyths" /> Embargo-free [[self-archiving]] has not been shown to affect [[Subscription business model|subscription revenue]],<ref name="Swan 2005">{{Cite journal |last1=Swan |first1=Alma |last2=Brown |first2=Sheridan |date=May 2005 |title=Open Access Self-Archiving: An Author Study |url=http://cogprints.org/4385/ |url-status=live |journal=Departmental Technical Report. UK FE and HE Funding Councils |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200831011404/http://cogprints.org/4385/ |archive-date=31 August 2020 |access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref> and tends to increase readership and citations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ottaviani |first=Jim |date=22 August 2016 |editor-last=Bornmann |editor-first=Lutz |title=The Post-Embargo Open Access Citation Advantage: It Exists (Probably), It's Modest (Usually), and the Rich Get Richer (of Course) |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |volume=11 |issue=8 |pages=e0159614 |bibcode=2016PLoSO..1159614O |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0159614 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=4993511 |pmid=27548723|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Suber |first=Peter |date=2014 |title=The evidence fails to justify publishers' demand for longer embargo periods on publicly-funded research. |url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2014/01/14/suber-embargoes-on-publicly-funded-research/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304165051/https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2014/01/14/suber-embargoes-on-publicly-funded-research/ |archive-date=4 March 2020 |access-date=6 January 2020 |website=LSA impact blog |language=en-US}}</ref> Embargoes have been lifted on particular topics for either limited times or ongoing (e.g. Zika outbreaks<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global scientific community commits to sharing data on Zika |url=https://wellcome.ac.uk/press-release/global-scientific-community-commits-sharing-data-zika |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221164316/https://wellcome.ac.uk/press-release/global-scientific-community-commits-sharing-data-zika |archive-date=21 December 2019 |access-date=6 January 2020 |website=wellcome.ac.uk |date=10 February 2016 |publisher=Wellcome}}</ref> or indigenous health<ref name=":16">{{Cite journal |title=About |url=https://www.mja.com.au/journal/about-us |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405032059/https://www.mja.com.au/journal/about-us |archive-date=5 April 2019 |access-date=12 June 2019 |journal=Medical Journal of Australia |publisher=Australasian Medical Publishing Company}}</ref>). [[Plan S]] includes zero-length embargoes on self-archiving as a key principle.<ref name="TenMyths" />