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Sinicization
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====Taiwan==== After the Republic of China [[Retrocession of Taiwan|took control]] of [[Geography of Taiwan|Taiwan]] from the [[Empire of Japan]] in 1945 and [[Republic of China retreat to Taiwan|relocated its capital]] to [[Taipei]] in 1949, the intention of [[Chiang Kai-shek]] was to eventually go back to [[mainland China]] and retake control of it. Chiang believed that to retake mainland China, it would be necessary to re-Sinicize Taiwan's inhabitants who had undergone assimilation [[Taiwan under Japanese rule|under Japanese rule]]. Examples of this policy included the renaming of Japanese-named streets with mainland geographical names, the use of [[Mandarin Chinese]] in schools and punishments for using other regional Chinese languages, or "[[Varieties of Chinese|dialects]]" (such as [[Hakka Chinese|Hakka]] and [[Hokkien]]), and teaching students to revere traditional ethics, develop pan-Chinese nationalism, and view Taiwan from the perspective of China.<ref>{{cite conference | first = June Teufel | last = Dreyer | title = Taiwan's Evolving Identity | url = http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=events.event_summary&event_id=31149 | location = [[Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars]] | quote = In order to shore up his government's legitimacy, Chiang set about turning Taiwan's inhabitants into Chinese. To use Renan's terminology, Chiang chose to re-define the concept of shared destiny to include the mainland. Streets were re-named; major thoroughfares in Taipei received names associated with the traditional Confucian virtues. The avenue passing in front of the foreign ministry en route to the presidential palace was named chieh-shou (long life), in Chiang's honor. Students were required to learn Mandarin and speak it exclusively; those who disobeyed and spoke Taiwanese Min, Hakka, or aboriginal tongues could be fined, slapped, or subjected to other disciplinary actions. | date = July 17, 2003 | access-date = May 20, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110605131558/http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=events.event_summary&event_id=31149 | archive-date = June 5, 2011 | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/17827189.html|quote=The new KMT concluded that it must "Sinicize" Taiwan if it were ever to unify mainland China. Textbooks were designed to teach young people the dialect of North China as a national language. Pupils also were taught to revere Confucian ethics, to develop Han Chinese nationalism, and to accept Taiwan as a part of China.|title=Starting Anew on Taiwan|publisher=Hoover Institution|year=2008|access-date=2009-06-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090408074759/http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/17827189.html|archive-date=2009-04-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> Other reasons for the policy were to combat the Japanese influences on the culture that had occurred in the previous 50 years, and to help unite the [[Waishengren|recent immigrants]] from mainland China that had come to Taiwan with the KMT and among whom there was a tendency to be more loyal to [[Ancestral home (Chinese)|one's city, county or province]] than to China as a nation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Third-Wave Reform|url=http://taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=102&CtNode=119|quote=.... The government initiated educational reform in the 1950s to achieve a number of high-priority goals. First, it was done to help root out fifty years of Japanese colonial influence on the island's populace--"resinicizing" them, one might say- -and thereby guarantee their loyalty to the Chinese motherland. Second, the million mainlanders or so who had fled to Taiwan themselves had the age-old tendency of being more loyal to city, county, or province than to China as a nation. They identified themselves as Hunanese, Cantonese, or Sichuanese first, and as Chinese second.|access-date=2019-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716110421/http://taiwanreview.nat.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=102&CtNode=119|archive-date=2011-07-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> The process of re-asserting non-Chinese identity, as in the case of ethnic groups in Taiwan, is sometimes known as [[desinicization]]. This is an issue in, for example, the [[Taiwan independence movement]] and [[Taiwanization|Taiwan localization movements]].
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