Editing Snakebite (section)

=== Venom spitting ===
Venom spitting is another venom delivery method that is unique to some Asiatic and African [[cobra]]s. In venom spitting, a stream of venom is propelled at very high pressures outwards up to 3 meters (300 centimeters). The venom stream is usually aimed at the eyes and face of the target as a deterrent for predators. There are non-spitting cobras that provide useful information on the unique mechanics behind venom spitting. Unlike the elongated oval shaped exit orifices of non-spitting cobras, spitting cobras have circular exit orifice at their fang tips.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bar-On B | title = On the form and bio-mechanics of venom-injection elements | journal = Acta Biomaterialia | volume = 85 | pages = 263–271 | date = February 2019 | pmid = 30583109 | doi = 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.030 | s2cid = 58587928}}</ref> This combined with the ability to partially retract their fang sheath by displacing the palato-maxillary arch and contracting the adductor mandibulae, allows the spitting cobras to create large pressures within the venom delivery system.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Young BA, Dunlap K, Koenig K, Singer M | title = The buccal buckle: the functional morphology of venom spitting in cobras | journal = The Journal of Experimental Biology | volume = 207 | issue = Pt 20 | pages = 3483–3494 | date = September 2004 | pmid = 15339944 | doi = 10.1242/jeb.01170 | doi-access = free| bibcode = 2004JExpB.207.3483Y }}</ref> While venom spitting is a less common venom delivery system, the venom can still cause the effects if ingested.{{citation needed|date=May 2021}}