Editing Transport in Italy (section)

===Administrative classification===
====State roads====
{{main|State highways (Italy)}}
[[File:Soraga 001.JPG|thumb|[[Strada statale 48 delle Dolomiti]]]]
[[File:Amalfitana 13.jpg|thumb|[[Strada statale 163 Amalfitana]]]]

The [[State highways (Italy)|Strade Statali]] ({{IPA|it|ˈstraːde staˈtaːli|lang}}; {{singular}} {{lang|it|Strada Statale}} {{IPA|it|ˈstraːda staˈtaːle|}}), abbreviated "SS", is the [[Italy|Italian]] national network of [[state highway]]s. The total length for this network is about {{convert|25000|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="stradeanas.it">{{cite web|url=http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/strade/consistenza/index|title=Anas S.p.A. - Consistenza|access-date=19 March 2024|language=it|archive-date=19 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719085042/http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?%2Fstrade%2Fconsistenza%2Findex|url-status=live}}</ref> The Italian state highway network are maintained by [[ANAS]]. From 1928 until 1946 state highways were maintained by Azienda Autonoma Statale della Strada (AASS). The routes of some state highways derive from ancient [[Roman roads]], such as the [[Strada statale 7 Via Appia]], which broadly follows the route of the [[Appian Way|Roman road of the same name]].

State highways can be technically defined as main extra-urban roads (type B road) or as secondary extra-urban roads (type C road). State highways that cross towns with a population of at least 10,000 inhabitants are urban roads (type D and E) under the jurisdiction of the relevant ''[[comuni]]''. The state highway that cross towns or villages with a population of less than 10,000 inhabitants are urban roads (type D and E) under the jurisdiction of the ''comune'', subject to authorization from [[ANAS]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.normattiva.it/atto/caricaDettaglioAtto?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1992-05-18&atto.codiceRedazionale=092G0306&currentPage=1|title=Art. 26, comma 3, d. lgs. 385/92, Nuovo Codice della Strada|access-date=19 March 2024|language=it|archive-date=1 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231001153421/https://www.normattiva.it/atto/caricaDettaglioAtto?atto.dataPubblicazioneGazzetta=1992-05-18&atto.codiceRedazionale=092G0306&currentPage=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

The Italian state highway network has approximately {{convert|25000|km|abbr=on}} of roads identified with the acronym SS.<ref name="stradeanas.it"/> The body that manages these roads, with full state participation, is [[ANAS]] (National Autonomous Roads Company), founded in 1946, on the ashes of the old AASS (Autonomous State Roads Company) which in turn was established in 1928. Due to urbanization processes, it has abandoned some sections of state highways, following their acquisition by the interested ''[[comuni]]'', who now take care of their maintenance.

====Regional roads====
{{main|Regional road (Italy)}}
[[File:SR 351 Friûl.jpg|thumb|Regional road number 351 (SR 351) in [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]]]
[[File:DRONE - Il piave dall'alto - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Regional road number 53 (SR 53) in [[Veneto]]]]

A [[Regional road (Italy)|Strada Regionale]] ([[Italian language|Italian]] for "regional road"; {{Plural abbr}} "strade regionali"), abbreviated SR, is a type of [[Italy|Italian]] [[road]] maintained by the [[regions of Italy|regions]] they traverse. A regional road is less important than a [[state highway (Italy)|state highway]], but more important than a [[Provincial road (Italy)|provincial road]]. The concept of regional road was introduced for the first time in Italy, limited to the autonomous region of [[Aosta Valley]] (where no provincial body exists), with regional law no. 1 of 10 October 1950.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consiglio.regione.vda.it/banche_dati/leggi_regolamenti/dettaglio_i.asp?pk_lr=273&versione=S|title=Consiglio Regionale della Valle d'Aosta - Legge regionale 10 ottobre 1950, n. 1 - Testo storico|access-date=23 March 2024|language=it}}</ref>

The first roads (excluding Aosta Valley) classified as SR (acronym for ''strada regionale''; "regional road") were created following legislative decree no. 112 of 1998, in 2001. In particular, articles 99 and 101 provided for the transfer of ownership and responsibilities relating to [[State highways (Italy)|state highways]] not included in the national road network from the State to the regions, which then regulated the matter autonomously. For organizational reasons, many regions have entrusted the former state highways to the [[Provinces of Italy|provinces]], while maintaining the acronym SR.

In addition to these regional roads created following the downgrading of the state network, there are regional roads immediately classified as such (for example SR 6 in [[Apulia]] although subsequently downgraded to provincial) or former provincial regional roads such as SR 89, ex SP 62, in [[Veneto]].

The regional roads can be technically classified as ''[[strade extraurbane principali]]'' (type B road; "main extra-urban roads") or as ''strade extraurbane secondarie'' (type C road; "secondary extra-urban roads"). If they cross inhabited centers with a population greater than 9,999 inhabitants, they are roads under municipal jurisdiction and therefore urban (type D and E). If they pass through centers or inhabited areas with a population of less than 9,999 inhabitants, they are urban (type D and E), but the responsibility remains with the manager.

In addition to the roads identified by the acronym SR, there are roads managed by the region but identified by the acronym SP (for example, many SPs in the [[province of Belluno]] are managed by the Veneto Strade company with a 30% stake in the region of the same name).

====Provincial roads====
{{main|Provincial road (Italy)}}
[[File:SP23 Italia Strada Provinciale 23 principessa 2.jpg|thumb|Provincial road number 23 (SP 23) in the [[province of Livorno]] ([[Tuscany]] region)]]

A [[Provincial road (Italy)|Strada Provinciale]] ([[Italian language|Italian]] for "provincial road"; {{Plural abbr}} "strade provinciali"), abbreviated SP, is an Italian road that is maintained by [[provinces of Italy|province]]s or [[Metropolitan cities of Italy|metropolitan cities]]. In [[Veneto]] from 2002, [[state highway (Italy)|state highways]] downgraded as provincial roads are maintained by the regional company [[Veneto Strade]]. A provincial road is less important than a [[regional road (Italy)|regional road]], but more important than [[Strada Comunale|municipal roads]].

Before the entry into force of the new Italian [[traffic code]] (legislative decree n° 285 of 30 April 1992) the provincial classification of a road had to take place by decree of the [[Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (Italy)|Minister of Public Works]]; over the years, this has made the same procedures too centralized and therefore slower and more difficult, until the new Italian traffic code assigned the competence on classification to the [[Regions of Italy|regions]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aci.it/index.php?id=460|title=Automobile Club d'Italia: art. 2. Definizione e classificazione delle strade|access-date=23 March 2024|language=it|archive-date=21 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921191821/https://www.aci.it/index.php?id=460|url-status=live}}</ref> ([[Veneto]], however, has further devolved the competences of classification and declassification to the provinces themselves).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.consiglioveneto.it/crvportal/leggi/2001/01lr0011.html|title=Articolo 94 della legge regionale 13 aprile 2001, n. 11 (BUR n. 35/2001)|access-date=23 March 2024|language=it|archive-date=20 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200220012755/http://www.consiglioveneto.it/crvportal/leggi/2001/01lr0011.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Municipal roads====
{{main|Municipal road (Italy)}}
[[File:Corso Buenos Aires in Milan.jpg|thumb|[[Corso Buenos Aires]] in [[Milan]], an urban municipal road]]

A [[Municipal road (Italy)|Strada Comunale]] ([[Italian language|Italian]] for "municipal road"; {{Plural abbr}} "strade comunali"), abbreviated SC, is an Italian road that is maintained by ''[[comune]]'', hence the name. They can be roads owned by ''comune'' (inside population centers) or roads managed by the ''comune'' (outside population centers). The category of strade comunali includes extra-urban roads considered to be of municipal importance, all urban roads as well as the urban sections of [[State highways (Italy)|state]], [[Regional road (Italy)|regional]] or [[Provincial road (Italy)|provincial]] roads, which pass through centers with 10,000 or more inhabitants. The urban sections of state, regional or provincial roads that pass through towns with fewer than 10,000 inhabitants are not municipal.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aci.it/i-servizi/normative/codice-della-strada/titolo-i-disposizioni-generali/art-2-definizione-e-classificazione-delle-strade.html|title=Definizione e classificazione delle strade.|access-date=25 March 2024|language=it|archive-date=27 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227151738/https://www.aci.it/i-servizi/normative/codice-della-strada/titolo-i-disposizioni-generali/art-2-definizione-e-classificazione-delle-strade.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Strade comunali within inhabited centers can be classified from a construction-technical point of view either as urban roads (type D and E) or as local roads (type F). Extra-urban municipal roads (outside inhabited centers) can be technically classified as ''[[strade extraurbane principali]]'' (type B; "main extra-urban roads"), ''strade extraurbane secondarie'' (type C; "secondary extra-urban roads"), ''strade urbane di scorrimento'' (type D; "urban traffic roads") or ''strada locale'' (type F; local roads).<ref name="aci"/>