Editing Armenian language (section)

===Indo-European cognates===
Armenian is an [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language]], so many of its [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]-descended words are [[cognate]]s of words in other Indo-European languages such as [[English language|English]], [[Latin]], [[Greek language|Greek]], and [[Sanskrit]].

Due to extensive loaning, only around 1,500 words (G. Jahukyan) are known to have been inherited from Indo-European by the Classical Armenian stage; the rest were lost, a fact that presents a major challenge to endeavors to better understand Proto-Armenian and its place within the family, especially as many of the sound changes along the way from Indo-European to Armenian remain quite difficult to analyze.<ref>{{harvnb|Fortson|2004|p=338}}:"Armenian is still difficult for IE studies. This is primarily due to the small number of native forms left in the language by the time of its earliest attestation: no more than about 450 words are inherited. The small stock of native words has left precious few examples of many Armenian sound changes, some of which are among the most bizarre in the whole family..."</ref>

This table lists some of the more recognizable cognates that Armenian shares with English words descended from [[Old English]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?l=a |title=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=etymonline.com |access-date=2007-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613145930/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?l=a |archive-date=13 June 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Armenian || [[English language|English]]|| [[Classical Latin|Latin]] || [[Greek language|Classical and Hellenistic Greek]] || [[Persian language|Persian]] || [[Sanskrit]] || [[Russian language|Russian]] || [[Old Irish]] || [[Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]]
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|մայր}} ''mayr'' "mother" || '''mother''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''mōdor'')|| '''māter''' || μήτηρ '''mētēr''' || {{lang|fa|مادر}} '''mâdar''' || मातृ '''mātṛ''' || мать '''mat'''' || '''máthair''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*méh₂tēr}}''' "mother"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|հայր}} ''hayr'' "father" || '''father''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''fæder'')|| '''pater''' || πατήρ '''patēr''' || {{lang|fa|پدر}} '''pedar''' || पितृ '''pitṛ''' || || '''athair''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*ph₂tḗr}}''' "father"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|եղբայր}} ''eġbayr'' "brother" || '''brother''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''brōþor'')|| '''frāter''' || φράτηρ '''phrātēr''' "brother-in-arms, comrade" || {{lang|fa|برادر}} '''barâdar''' || भ्रातृ '''bhrātṛ''' || брат '''brat''' || '''bráthair''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*bʰréh₂tēr}}''' "brother"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|դուստր}} ''dustr'' "daughter" || '''daughter''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''dohtor'')|| (Oscan '''futrei''') || θυγάτηρ '''thugátēr''' || {{lang|fa|دختر}} '''doxtar''' || दुहितृ '''duhitṛ''' || дочь '''doč'''' || '''der, Dar-''' "daughter (of)" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*dʰugh₂tḗr}}''' "daughter"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|կին}} ''kin'' "woman, wife" || '''queen''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''cwēn "queen, woman, wife"'')|| || γυνή '''gunē''' || {{lang|fa|زن}} '''zan''' || ग्ना '''gnā'''/ जनि '''jani''' || жена '''žena''' "wife" || '''ben''' "woman" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*gʷḗn}}''' "woman, wife"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|իմ}} ''im'' "my, mine" || '''my, mine''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''min'')|| '''me-us''', '''-a''', '''-um''' etc. || ἐμ-ός, -ή, -όν '''em-ós''', '''-ē''', '''-ón''' etc. || {{lang|fa|من، ـم}} '''man,-am''' || मम '''mama''' || мой '''moy''' || '''mo''' "my, me" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*h₁me-}}''' "my, mine"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|անուն}} ''anun'' "name" || '''name''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''nama'')|| '''nōmen''' || ὄνομα '''ónoma''' || {{lang|fa|نام}} '''nâm''' || नामन् '''nāman''' || имя '''im'a''' || '''ainm''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*h₃nom-n̥-}}''' "name"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|յոթ}} ''yotʻ'' ( ← եաւթն "eawtʻn") "seven" ||'''seven''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] seofon) ||'''septem''' || ἑπτά '''heptá''' || {{lang|fa|هفت}} '''haft''' || सप्तन् '''saptán''' || семь '''sem'''' || '''secht''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*septḿ̥}}''' "seven"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|ութ}} ''utʻ'' "eight" || '''eight''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''eahta'')|| '''octō''' || ὀκτώ '''óktō''' || {{lang|fa|هشت}} '''hašt''' || अष्ट '''aṣṭa''' || во́семь '''vosem'''' || '''ocht''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*oḱtṓw}}''' "eight"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|ինն}} ''inn'' "nine" || '''nine''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''nigon'')|| '''novem''' || ἐννέα '''ennéa''' || {{lang|fa|نه}} '''noh''' || नवन् '''navan''' || де́вять '''dev'at'''' || '''noí''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*h₁néwn̥}}''' "nine"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|տասը}} ''tas'' (<տասն "tasn") "ten" ||'''ten''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''tien'') ( ← [[Proto-Germanic language|P.Gmc.]] ''*tehun'')|| '''decem''' || δέκα '''déka''' || {{lang|fa|ده}} '''dah''' || दश '''daśa''' || де́сять '''des'at'''' || '''deich''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*déḱm̥}}''' "ten"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|աչք}} ''ačʻkʻ'' "eye" || '''eye''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''ēge'')|| '''oculus''' || ὀφθαλμός '''ophthalmós''' || [[Avestan]] 𐬀𐬱𐬌 (''aši'', “eyes”)|| अक्षि '''akṣi''' || око '''oko''' (''archaic'') || || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*H₃okʷ-}}''' "to see"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|արմունկ}} ''armunk'' ''(<*h₂(e)rH-mo-+ -ուկն)'' "elbow"<br />||'''arm''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''earm "joined body parts below shoulder"'')|| '''armus''' "shoulder" || ἁρμός '''harmós''' "a joint" || {{lang|fa|ارم}} '''arm''' "arm" || ईर्म '''īrma''' "arm" || рамя '''ram'a''' "shoulder" (''archaic'') || || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*h₂er-}}''' "fit, join (that which is fitted together)"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|ծունկ}} ''cunk'' "knee" || '''knee''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''cnēo'')|| '''genū''' || γόνυ '''gónu''' || {{lang|fa|زانو}} '''zânu''' || जानु '''jānu''' || || '''glún''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*ǵénu-}}''' "knee"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|ոտք}} ''otkʻ'' "foot, leg" || '''foot''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''fōt'')|| '''pēs, pedis''' || πούς, πόδος '''poús''', '''pódos''' || {{lang|fa|پا، پای}} '''pâ, pây''' "foot" || पाद् '''pād''' "foot" || || (Gaul. '''ades''' "feet") || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*pod-, *ped-}}''' "foot, leg"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|սիրտ}} ''sirt'' "heart"|| '''heart''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''heorte'')|| '''cor, cordis''' || καρδία '''kardía''' || {{lang|fa|دل}} '''del''' || हृदय '''hṛdaya''' || се́рдце '''serdce''' || '''cride''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*ḱerd-}}''' "heart"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|մուկ}} ''muk'' "mouse" || '''mouse''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''mūs'')|| '''mūs, mūris''' || μῦς '''mûs''' "mouse, muscle" || {{lang|fa|موش}} '''muš''' || मूष् '''mūṣ''' || мышь '''myš'''' || ||'''*múh₂s''' "mouse, muscle"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|կով}} ''kov'' "cow" || '''cow''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''cū'')|| '''bōs, bovis''' || βοῦς '''boûs''' || {{lang|fa|گاو}} '''gâv''' || गो '''go''' || говядина '''gov'adina''' "beef" || '''bó''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*gʷṓws}}''' "cow"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|շուն}} ''šun'' "dog" || '''hound''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''hund "hound, dog"'')|| '''canis''' || κύων '''kúōn''' || {{lang|fa|سگ}} '''sag''' || श्वन् '''śvan''' || сука '''suka'''{{efn|etymology debated, see [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/suka#Etymology]}} "bitch" || '''cú''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*ḱwṓ}}''' "hound, dog"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|ամիս}} ''amis'' "month" || '''moon, month''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''mōnaþ'')|| '''mēnsis''' || μήν '''mēn''' "moon, month" || {{lang|fa|ماه}} '''mâh''' "moon, month" || मास '''māsa''' "moon, month" || месяц '''mes'ac''' || '''mí''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*meH₁ns- }}''' "moon, month"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|ամառ}} ''amaṙ'' ( ← Proto-Armenian ''*sm̥h₂er-m̥'' <''*s(e)m-eh₂-'') "summer" ||'''summer''' ( ← OE sumor) || || || {{lang|fa|هامین}} '''hâmin''' (''archaic'') ||समा '''samā''' "season" || ||'''sam''' "summer" ||'''*semh₂-''' "summer, hot season"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|ջերմ}} ''ǰerm'' "warm" || '''warm''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''wearm'')|| '''formus''' || θερμός '''thermós''' || {{lang|fa|گرم}} '''garm''' || घर्म '''gharma''' "heat" || жарко '''žarko''' "hot" || '''geirid''' "warm (v)" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*gʷʰerm-}}''' "warm"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|լույս}} ''luys'' "light" || '''light''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''lēoht "brightness"'')|| '''lūx''' || λευκός '''leukós''' "bright, shining, white" || {{lang|fa|روز}} '''ruz''' "day" || रोक '''roka''' || луч '''luč'''' "beam" || '''lóch''' "bright" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*leuk-}}''' "light, brightness"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|հուր}} ''hur'' "flame" || '''fire''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''fȳr'') || (Umbrian '''pir''' "fire") || πῦρ '''pûr''' "fire" || || || || || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*péh₂wr̥}}''' "fire"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|հեռու}} ''heṙu'' "far" || '''far''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''feor "to a great distance"'')|| '''per''' "through" || πέρα '''péra''' "beyond" || {{lang|fa|فرا}} '''farâ''' "forward" || परस् '''paras''' "beyond" || пере- '''pere-''' "through", про- '''pro-''' "forth" || '''íre''' "further" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*per-}}''' "through, across, beyond"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|լվանալ}} ''lvanal'' "to wash" || '''flow''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''flōwan'') || '''pluĕre''' "to rain" || πλύνω '''plúnō''' "I wash" || || प्लु '''plu''' "to float, swim" || плавать '''plavat'''' "swim" || '''luí''' "rudder" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*pleu-}}''' "to flow, float, wash"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|ուտել}} ''utel'' "to eat" || '''eat''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''etan'')|| '''edō''' || ἔδω '''édō''' || || अद्मि '''admi''' || есть '''jest'''' || '''ithid''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*h₁ed-}}''' "to eat"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|գիտեմ}} ''gitem'' "I know" || '''wit''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''wit, witan "intelligence, to know"'')|| '''vidēre''' "to see" || οἶδα '''oîda''' || {{lang|fa|ویده}} '''vida''' "knowledge" || विद् '''vid''' || видеть '''videt'''' "see, understand" || '''adfet''' "tells" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*weyd-}}''' "to see"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|գետ}} ''get'' "river" || '''water''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''wæter'')|| (Umbrian '''utur''' "water") || ὕδωρ '''húdōr''' "water" || '''bārān''' باران
"rain"
| उदन् '''udan''' "water" || вода '''voda''' "water" || '''uisce''' "water" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|(*wodor, *wedor, *uder-) from *wed-}}''' "water"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|գործ}} ''gorc'' "work" || '''work''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''weorc'')|| || ἔργον '''érgon''' || ورز '''varz''' || || || || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*werǵ-}}''' "to work"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|մեծ}} ''mec'' "big, great" || '''much''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''mycel "great, big, many"'')|| '''magnus''' || μέγας '''mégas''' || {{lang|fa|مه، مهست}} '''meh, mahest''' || मह '''maha''' || много '''mnogo''' "many" || '''maige''' "great, mighty" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*meǵ-}}''' "great"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|ճանաչել}} ''čanačʻel''' ( ← *ծանաչել '''canačʻel''') "to recognize" || '''know''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''cnawan'')|| '''nōscere''' "to learn, recognize" || γιγνώσκω '''gignōskō''' "I know" || {{lang|fa|شناختن}} '''šenâxtan''' "to know" || जानाति '''jānāti''' "to know" || знать '''znat'''' "to know" || '''ad·gnin''' "to know" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*ǵneH₃-}}''' "to know"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|մեռնել}} ''meṙnel'' "to die" || '''murder''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''morþor'')|| '''morī''' || βροτός '''brotós''' "mortal" || {{lang|fa|مردن}} '''mordan''' "death" || मरति '''marati''' || мереть '''meret'''' || '''marb''' "dead" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*mer-}}''' "to die"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|միջին}} ''miǰin'' "middle" || '''mid, middle''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''mid, middel'')|| '''medius''' || μέσος '''mésos''' ||{{lang|fa|میان}} '''miyân''' || मध्य '''madhya''' || меж '''mež''' "between" || '''mide''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*médʰyos from *me-}}''' "mid, middle"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|այլ}} ''ayl'' "other" || '''else''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''elles "other, otherwise, different"'')|| '''alius''' || ἄλλος '''állos''' || || || || '''aile''' "other" ||'''*h₂élyos''' "other"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|նոր}} ''nor'' "new" || '''new''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''nīwe'')|| '''novus''' || νέος '''néos''' || {{lang|fa|نو}} '''now''' || नव '''nava''' || новый '''novyj''' || '''núae''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*néwo-}}''' "new"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|դուռ}} ''duṙ'' "door" || '''door''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''dor, duru'')|| '''foris''' || θύρα '''thúrā''' || {{lang|fa|در}} '''dar''' || द्वार '''dvāra''' || дверь '''dver''''|| '''dorus''' || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*dʰwer-}}''' "door, doorway, gate"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|տուն}} ''tun'' "house" || '''timber''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''timber "trees used for building material, structure"'')|| '''domus''' || δόμος '''domos''' || '''mān''' مان
"house" Avestan: '''dąm''' 𐬛𐬄𐬨 
| दम '''dama''' || дом '''dom''' || ||'''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*domo-, *domu-}}''' "house"
|-
| {{wikt-lang|hy|բերել}} ''berel'' "to bring" || '''bear''' ( ← [[Old English|OE]] ''beran "give birth, carry"'')|| '''ferre''' "to carry" || φέρω '''phérō''' || {{lang|fa|بردن، برـ}} '''bordan, bar-''' "to carry" || भरति '''bharati''' "to carry" || брать '''brat'''' "to take" || '''beirid''' "carry" || '''{{lang|ine-x-proto|*bʱer-}}''' "to carry"
|}