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Cardiac output
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=== Cardiac response === {| align=center |- | {| border="1" class="wikitable" |+ Table 3: Cardiac response to decreasing blood flow and pressure due to decreasing cardiac output<ref name="CNX2014"/> ! ! Baroreceptors (aorta, carotid arteries, venae cavae, and atria) ! Chemoreceptors (both central nervous system and in proximity to baroreceptors) |- ! Sensitive to | Decreasing stretch<ref name="CNX2014"/> || Decreasing O<sub>2</sub> and increasing CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sup>+</sup>, and lactic acid<ref name="CNX2014"/> |- ! Target | Parasympathetic stimulation suppressed<ref name="CNX2014"/> | Sympathetic stimulation increased<ref name="CNX2014"/> |- ! Response of heart | Increasing heart rate and increasing stroke volume<ref name="CNX2014"/> | Increasing heart rate and increasing stroke volume<ref name="CNX2014"/> |- ! Overall effect | Increasing blood flow and pressure due to increasing cardiac output; haemostasis restored<ref name="CNX2014"/> | Increasing blood flow and pressure due to increasing cardiac output; haemostasis restored<ref name="CNX2014"/> |} |- | {| border="1" class="wikitable" |+ Table 4: Cardiac response to increasing blood flow and pressure due to increasing cardiac output<ref name="CNX2014"/> ! ! Baroreceptors (aorta, carotid arteries, venae cavae, and atria) ! Chemoreceptors (both central nervous system and in proximity to baroreceptors) |- ! Sensitive to | Increasing stretch<ref name="CNX2014"/> || Increasing O<sub>2</sub> and decreasing CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sup>+</sup>, and lactic acid<ref name="CNX2014"/> |- ! Target | Parasympathetic stimulation increased<ref name="CNX2014"/> || Sympathetic stimulation suppressed<ref name="CNX2014"/> |- ! Response of heart | Decreasing heart rate and decreasing stroke volume<ref name="CNX2014"/> || Decreasing heart rate and decreasing stroke volume<ref name="CNX2014"/> |- ! Overall effect | Decreasing blood flow and pressure due to decreasing cardiac output; haemostasis restored<ref name="CNX2014"/> | Decreasing blood flow and pressure due to decreasing cardiac output; haemostasis restored<ref name="CNX2014"/> |} |}
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