Editing Constitutional amendment (section)

=== India ===
The Indian constitution can be [[Amendment of the Constitution of India|amended]] in 3 ways:

# By Simple Majority of the [[Parliament of India|Parliament]]
#* This method is used to amend those parts of the [[Constitution of India|constitution]] outside the purview of Article 368 of the constitution.
#* It is used in amending the following provisions:
#** Formation of new [[States and union territories of India|states]], alteration of boundaries of states, changing names of states and alteration of areas of states
#** Creation/Abolition of [[State legislative councils of India|Legislative Councils]] in states
#** Changing salaries and allowances of judges of [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] and [[High courts of India|High Court]]
#** Laws regarding citizenship
# Through procedure mentioned in [https://indiankanoon.org/doc/594125/ Article 368] of the Constitution
#* This again is done in 2 ways -
#** By Special Majority of the Parliament
#*** Special majority implies :
#**** A majority of the 'total membership' of the Parliament (i.e., each houses separately) and
#**** A majority of 2/3rd of members present and voting
#** By Special Majority of the Parliament and consent of states
#*** This requires
#**** Special majority in each house of the Parliament and
#**** Consent of half of the [[State legislature (India)|state legislatures]]
#*** This method is used for amending those provisions affecting states' interests. e.g.: Representation of states in Parliament, distribution of legislative powers between the union and states etc.

Since its commencement in 1950, Indian constitution has been amended [[List of amendments of the Constitution of India|106 times]], as of August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lok Sabha passes bill to extend SC-ST quota in legislatures|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lok-sabha-passes-bill-extend-sc-st-quota-legislatures-1627197-2019-12-10|date=December 10, 2019|website=India Today|language=en|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> [[Supreme Court of India|Supreme Court]] in [[Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala|Kesavananda Bharati Case]] held that parliament's power to amend is not unlimited, and it can not amend the [[Basic structure doctrine|basic structure]] of the constitution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Explained: 47 years of a judgment that upheld basic structure of India's constitution|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-47-years-of-a-judgment-that-upheld-basic-structure-of-indias-constitution-6379081/|date=2020-04-29|website=The Indian Express|language=en-US|access-date=2020-05-07}}</ref> The 'basic structure' includes the supremacy of the Constitution, the rule of law, Independence of the judiciary, doctrine of separation of powers, federalism, secularism, sovereign democratic republic, the parliamentary system of government, the principle of free and fair elections, welfare state, etc.<ref name=":0" />