Editing Cosmetics (section)

=== Animal testing ===
{{Main|Testing cosmetics on animals}}

Due to ethical concerns around animal testing, some nations have required evidence for safety that may involve animal testing for cosmetics.<ref name="fda-animal">{{cite web |title=Animal Testing & Cosmetics |url=https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/product-testing-cosmetics/animal-testing-cosmetics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190912074041/https://www.fda.gov/cosmetics/product-testing-cosmetics/animal-testing-cosmetics |url-status=dead |archive-date=12 September 2019 |publisher=US Food and Drug Administration |access-date=5 May 2025 |date=4 March 2022}}</ref> Cosmetics manufacturers are encouraged to ensure safe products, having responsibility to establish the safety of individual ingredients and the final product before going to market.<ref name=fda-animal/> When animal testing is used by a company, a national regulatory agency, such as the US FDA, encourages  minimal use of animals and humane methods, also supporting that scientifically valid alternative methods to whole-animal testing be used.<ref name=fda-animal/>

As of 2019, an estimated 50–100 million animals were tested each year in locations such as the United States and China.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kabene|first1=Stefane|last2=Baadel|first2=Said|date=2019-11-12|title=Bioethics: a look at animal testing in medicine and cosmetics in the UK|journal=Journal of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine|volume=12|page=15|doi=10.18502/jmehm.v12i15.1875|issn=2008-0387|pmc=7166243|pmid=32328228}}</ref> Such tests may have involved eye and skin irritants, [[phototoxicity]] (toxicity triggered by [[ultraviolet]] light), and [[mutagenicity]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Animal Testing: Issues and Ethics|last=Watson|first=Stephanie|publisher= The Rosen Publishing Group|location=New York|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4358-5671-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0024059 | pmid = 21915280 | title = Ethical and Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing and Research | journal = PLOS ONE | volume = 6 | issue = 9 | pages = e24059 | year = 2011 | last1 = Ferdowsian | first1 = Hope R. | last2 = Beck | first2 = Nancy|pmc=3168484 | bibcode = 2011PLoSO...624059F | doi-access = free }}</ref> In 2018, California banned the sale of animal-tested cosmetics.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/california-just-officially-banned-the-sale-of-animal-tested-cosmetics_n_5b913ac6e4b0cf7b003d5c09|title=California Just Officially Banned The Sale Of Animal-Tested Cosmetics|last=Hanson|first=Hilary|date=2018-09-29|work=Huffington Post|access-date=2019-05-17|language=en-AU|archive-date=2019-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517160322/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/california-just-officially-banned-the-sale-of-animal-tested-cosmetics_n_5b913ac6e4b0cf7b003d5c09|url-status=live}}</ref>

Cosmetics testing is banned in the Netherlands, India, Norway, Israel, New Zealand, Belgium, and the UK. In 2002, the European Union agreed to phase in a near-total ban on the sale of animal-tested cosmetics throughout the EU from 2009 and to ban all cosmetics-related animal testing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/cosmetics/animal-testing_en|title=Ban on Animal Testing – Growth – European Commission|website=Growth|language=en|access-date=2018-10-26|date=2016-07-05|archive-date=2018-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181026182953/http://ec.europa.eu/growth/sectors/cosmetics/animal-testing_en|url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2009, the European Parliament and Council passed [[EC Regulation 1223/2009 on cosmetics#Restrictions for hazardous ingredients and animal testing|EC Regulation 1223/2009 on cosmetics]], a bill to regulate the cosmetic industry in the EU.<ref name="Regulation-2009">{{CELEX|02009R1223-20240424|text=Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 30 November 2009 on cosmetic products (consolidated text)}}</ref> EC Regulation 1223/2009 took effect on July 11, 2013.<ref name="Regulation-2009" /> In March 2013, the EU banned the import and sale of cosmetics containing ingredients tested on animals.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/business/global/eu-to-ban-cosmetics-with-animal-tested-ingredients.html|title=E.U. Bans Cosmetics With Animal-Tested Ingredients|last=Kanter|first=James|date=2013-03-11|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-05-17|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=2019-05-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509182353/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/11/business/global/eu-to-ban-cosmetics-with-animal-tested-ingredients.html|url-status=live}}</ref> China required animal testing on cosmetic products until 2014, when they waived animal testing requirements for domestically produced products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-16/ending-china-animal-tests-is-salve-for-big-beauty-quicktake-q-a|title=Here's How China Is Moving Away From Animal Testing|date=16 January 2018|website=www.bloomberg.com|access-date=2019-05-13|archive-date=2019-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517160333/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-16/ending-china-animal-tests-is-salve-for-big-beauty-quicktake-q-a|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2019, China approved nine non-animal testing methods, and in 2020 laws making animal testing compulsory were lifted.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/china-lifting-animal-testing-laws|title=China Will No Longer Require Animal Testing On Cosmetic Products|last=Morosini|first=Daniela|website=British Vogue|date=10 April 2019|access-date=2019-05-13|archive-date=2019-05-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513201237/https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/china-lifting-animal-testing-laws|url-status=live}}</ref>

In June 2017, legislation was proposed in Australia to end animal testing in the cosmetics industry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://phys.org/news/2019-03-australia-animal-laws-good-dont.html|title=Australia's animal testing laws are a good start, but don't go far enough|website=phys.org|language=en-us|access-date=2019-05-17|archive-date=2019-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517160311/https://phys.org/news/2019-03-australia-animal-laws-good-dont.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2019, the [[Australian Senate]] passed a bill that banned the use of data from animal testing in the cosmetic industry since July 1, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smh.com.au/environment/sustainability/australia-bans-use-of-data-from-animal-tests-in-cosmetics-20190227-p510jo.html|title=Australia bans use of data from animal tests in cosmetics|last=Jacobs|first=Steve|date=2019-03-16|website=The Sydney Morning Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-05-17|archive-date=2019-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517160311/https://www.smh.com.au/environment/sustainability/australia-bans-use-of-data-from-animal-tests-in-cosmetics-20190227-p510jo.html|url-status=live}}</ref>