Editing Distributed generation (section)

== Communication in DER systems ==
* [[IEC 61850]]-7-420 is published by IEC TC 57: Power systems management and associated information exchange. It is one of the IEC 61850 standards, some of which are core Standards required for implementing smart grids. It uses communication services mapped to [[Manufacturing Message Specification|MMS]] as per IEC 61850-8-1 standard.
* [[OLE for process control|OPC]] is also used for the communication between different entities of DER system.
* [[Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers]] IEEE 2030.7 microgrid controller standard. That concept relies on 4 blocks: a) Device Level control (e.g. Voltage and Frequency Control), b) Local Area Control (e.g. data communication), c) Supervisory (software) controller (e.g. forward looking dispatch optimization of generation and load resources), and d) Grid Layer (e.g. communication with utility).
* A wide variety of complex control algorithms exist, making it difficult for small and residential [[Distributed Energy Resource]] (DER) users to implement energy management and control systems. Especially, communication upgrades and data information systems can make it expensive. Thus, some projects try to simplify the control of DER via off-the shelf products and make it usable for the mainstream (e.g. using a Raspberry Pi).<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Fürst|first1=Jonathan|last2=Gawinowski|first2=Nik|last3=Buettrich|first3=Sebastian|last4=Bonnet|first4=Philippe|title=2013 IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) |chapter=COSMGrid: Configurable, off-the-shelf micro grid |date=2013-09-25|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259157235|pages=96–101|doi=10.1109/GHTC.2013.6713662|isbn=978-1-4799-2402-8|s2cid=19202084}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cet.or.at/pdf_files/Paspberry%20Pi%20Microgrid%20Controller.pdf|title=A flexible low cost PV/EV microgrid controller concept based on a Raspberry Pi|last=Stadler|first=Michael|date=2018|publisher=Center for Energy and innovative Technologies}}</ref>