Editing Emilio Aguinaldo (section)

==American era==
{{Main|History of the Philippines (1898–1946)}}
[[File:Emilio Aguinaldo at a pre-Christmas feast.jpg|thumb|right|Aguinaldo (front row, second from left), at a pre-Christmas feast in Manila in 1904.]]
During the American period, Aguinaldo largely retired from public life, though continued to support groups that advocated for immediate independence and helped veterans of the struggle. He organized the ''Asociación de los Veteranos de la Revolución'' ([[Association of Veterans of the Revolution]]) to secure pensions for its members and made arrangements for them to buy land by installments from the government.

Displaying the Philippine flag was declared illegal by the Sedition Act of 1907, but it was amended on October 30, 1919.<ref name="hist" /> Then, Aguinaldo transformed his home in Kawit into a monument to the flag, the revolution, and the Declaration of Independence. After Aguinaldo's death, the government declared the mansion as a National Shrine in June 1964.<ref name="Biz">{{cite web |title=Philippine History – Aguinaldo Shrine |url=http://filipino.biz.ph/history/shrine.html |website=filipino.biz.ph |access-date=February 16, 2023 |archive-date=March 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313101155/http://filipino.biz.ph/history/shrine.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Bacoor">Valmero, Anna (April 8, 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120425074614/http://gobacoor.ph/2011/04/08/revisiting-the-aguinaldo-shrine-in-cavite/] "Revisiting the Aguinaldo Shrine"] . GoBacoor. Retrieved on October 17, 2011.</ref>

=== 1935 Philippine presidential election ===
[[File:Aguinaldo and Quezon in 1935.JPG|thumb|left|Aguinaldo and [[Manuel Quezon]] during [[Flag Day]], 1935.]]
[[File:Emilio Aguinaldo Speech in Spanish (1929).webm|thumb|Aguinaldo delivers a speech in Spanish (1929)]]

In 1935, the Philippines became a [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|commonwealth]], and [[1935 Philippine presidential election|presidential elections]] were held as part of a ten-year transition to complete independence. Aguinaldo returned to public life and ran for the presidency as the candidate of the [[National Socialist Party (Philippines)|National Socialist Party]] (no relation to the German [[Nazi Party]]) against the highly popular [[Nacionalista Party]] candidate [[Manuel L. Quezon]] and Republican Party candidate [[Gregorio Aglipay]]. However, Aguinaldo's capture by the Americans in 1901 as well as his allegations in the deaths of Bonifacio and Luna had since made him an unpopular figure among the Filipino people, and he lost to Quezon in a landslide, gaining only 17.5% of the popular vote.

Despite his decisive defeat, however, Aguinaldo refused to accept the results of the election, believing it to be rigged against him.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 21, 1935|title=Coalition ticket wins by landslide, September 21, 1935 |url=https://philippinesfreepress.wordpress.com/1935/09/21/coalition-ticket-wins-by-landslide-september-21-1935/|access-date=August 28, 2021|website=The Philippines Free Press Online|language=en}}</ref> In Cavite, the only province he had won, Aguinaldo's supporters plotted a rally in Manila to disrupt Quezon's inauguration and even assassinate him. However, this planned event was never actually carried out. Aguinaldo continued to criticize Quezon throughout the latter's presidency, expressing [[Antisemitism|anti-semitic]] views when opposing Quezon's plan to shelter Jews fleeing from [[the Holocaust]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pPTKDwAAQBAJ&q=emilio+aguinaldo+jews&pg=PA133|title=Philippine Sanctuary: A Holocaust Odyssey|first=Bonnie M.|last=Harris|year=2020|publisher=University of Wisconsin Pres|isbn=978-0299324605|via=Google Books}}</ref> In 1939, Aguinaldo vigorously expressed his antisemitism by echoing bigoted notions that Jewish people were "dangerous" and "selfishly materialistic".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=Bonnie M. |title=Philippine Sanctuary: A Holocaust Odyssey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pPTKDwAAQBAJ&dq=emilio+aguinaldo+jews&pg=PA133 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Pres |page=113 |language=en |date= 2020|isbn=978-0299324605 }}</ref>

The two men formally reconciled in 1941, when Quezon moved Flag Day to June 12 to commemorate the proclamation of Philippine independence.<ref name="hist" />