Editing Enuresis (section)

==== Neurostimulation ====
Evidence suggests that neurostimulation therapy may be an efficacious and safe form of treatment of pediatric primary enuresis, also known as [[Nocturnal enuresis|bedwetting]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chua ME, Fernandez N, Ming JM, Silangcruz JM, Dos Santos J, Lorenzo AJ, Koyle MA, Lopes RI | display-authors = 6 | title = Neurostimulation Therapy for Pediatric Primary Enuresis: A Meta-analysis | journal = Urology | volume = 106 | pages = 183–187 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 28476683 | doi = 10.1016/j.urology.2017.04.035 }}</ref> Neurostimulation of the sacral nerve is an option for children in which all other therapies have failed.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sulkowski JP, Nacion KM, Deans KJ, Minneci PC, Levitt MA, Mousa HM, Alpert SA, Teich S | display-authors = 6 | title = Sacral nerve stimulation: a promising therapy for fecal and urinary incontinence and constipation in children | journal = Journal of Pediatric Surgery | volume = 50 | issue = 10 | pages = 1644–7 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 25858097 | doi = 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.03.043 }}</ref> Neurostimulation treatment of adult enuresis may be considered prior to pursuing surgical methods. For adult enuresis, [[sacral nerve stimulation]] can be administered to decrease bladder muscle activity so that the bladder muscles are not constantly in a contracted state to help improve enuresis symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Marshall CJ | title = Persistent adult bedwetting treated by sacral neurotomy | journal = British Medical Journal | volume = 1 | issue = 4857 | pages = 308–11 | date = February 1954 | pmid = 13115705 | pmc = 2093347 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.1.4857.308 }}</ref><ref name="Nocturnal enuresis: non-pharmacolog">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kiddoo D | title = Nocturnal enuresis: non-pharmacological treatments | journal = BMJ Clinical Evidence | volume = 2015 | date = January 2015 | pmid = 25585036 | pmc = 4292411 }}</ref>