Editing Ignition interlock device (section)

===Americas===
====Canada====
Some provinces, such as Ontario,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/safety/impaired/interlock.shtml|title=Impaired Driving - Ignition Interlock Program|first=Ministry of Transportation|last=Government of Ontario|website=www.mto.gov.on.ca}}</ref> Quebec,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saaq.gouv.qc.ca/publications/permis/condition_x_en.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-11-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223070302/http://www.saaq.gouv.qc.ca/publications/permis/condition_x_en.pdf |archive-date=2014-12-23 }}</ref> and Manitoba<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ignition Interlock Program |url=https://www.mpi.mb.ca/Pages/ignition-interlock-program.aspx |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=www.mpi.mb.ca}}</ref> require any person convicted of drunk driving or refusing to provide a breath sample, to install an ignition interlock device into any vehicle he or she owns or operates, for a specified period of time (or for life), depending on the number of prior drunk driving offenses.

After so many drunk driving convictions, some provinces, such as Nova Scotia,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://novascotia.ca/sns/rmv/safe/alcohol.asp|title=Service Nova Scotia - Registry of Motor Vehicles - Alcohol and Driving|website=novascotia.ca}}</ref> will impose a lifetime driving ban, with no possibility of license reinstatement. Ontario<ref>[http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/dandv/driver/handbook/section4.8.10.shtml Other ways to lose your licence | Ontario.ca]</ref> courts, however, have the power to enact lifetime driving bans, with no possibility of reinstatement, after so many Criminal Code driving convictions. Under such circumstances, ignition interlock conditions are not put in place on the person's license.
====United States====
As of 2012, all 50 states have laws permitting the imposition of ignition-interlock devices as [[Sentence (law)|sentencing]] alternatives for drunk drivers.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2229209/
|title=Baby, You Can't Drive Your Car: A judge's favorite punishment for drivers drivers—ignition-interlock.|first=LaDoris|last=Cordell|publisher=Slate|date=2009-09-22}}</ref> It is estimated that the United States could be saving 800 lives per year if all convicted drunk drivers were prevented from being involved in a fatal crash.<ref>Taylor, E., Voas, R., Marques, P, McKnight, S. & Atkins, R. (2017, August). [https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/812445-interlock-data-utilization.pdf Interlock data utilization] (Report No. DOT HS 812 445). Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.</ref> The standard device in the US consists of a mouthpiece mounted on a handheld unit and a cord that attaches to the vehicle’s ignition system and runs on the battery. The driver is required to blow into the mouthpiece to test his or her alcohol level before starting the car.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.intoxalock.com/ignition-interlock-devices/what-is-an-ignition-interlock-device/|title=What is an Intoxalock ignition interlock device?|publisher=Intoxalock|access-date=2017-12-04}}</ref> Devices are required to be installed at a certified service center. Devices are shipped directly to the qualifying service center and are never handled by the customer. The largest ignition interlock device providers are made by [[Dräger (company)|Draeger]], Smart Start,<ref>{{Cite web |title=SmartMobile™ Program |url=https://www.smartstartinc.com/portable-alcohol-monitoring/ |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=Smart Start |language=en-US}}</ref> Guardian, Intoxalock, based in [[Des Moines]], Iowa <ref>{{Cite web |title=Intoxalock Ignition Interlock Device |url=https://www.intoxalock.com/ |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=www.intoxalock.com |language=en-US}}</ref> and LifeSafer.<ref>{{Cite web |title=LifeSafer L250  |url=https://www.lifesafer.com/products/ |access-date=2024-05-05 |website=LifeSafer Ignition Interlock |language=en-US}}</ref>

Most states impose the installation of ignition interlock devices (IID), with varying thresholds for installation requirements.<ref>{{cite web |title=MADD Report: 2.3 Million Drunk Drivers Stopped by Interlocks |url=https://guardianinterlock.com/blog/new-madd-report-on-ignition-interlock-use/ |website=guardianinterlock.com |date=20 March 2017 |publisher=Guardian Interlock (20-Mar-2017)|ref=guardian_madd}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Task Force Backs Ignition Interlocks as Drunk Driving Deterrent |url=https://www.northcarolinahealthnews.org/2018/03/08/task-force-backs-ignition-interlocks-as-drunk-driving-deterrent/ |website=www.northcarolinahealthnews.org |date=8 March 2018 |publisher=North Carolina Health News |access-date=24 June 2018 |ref=NC_interlocks_deterrent}}</ref> Criminal process thresholds for installation requirements vary between minimum BAC levels (e.g., 0.20%, or 0.15%) or repeat offense, with about half of the states requiring installation on first offense.

These ignition interlock sanctions are meant as punishment, but also as a deterrence. When required under a high BAC level or multiple offense threshold, ignition interlock requirements address a strong tendency of repeat offense by drivers with [[Alcoholism|alcoholic use disorder]] (AUD or alcoholism).

Ignition interlock requirements are also imposed in some instances after positive [[#chemical_test|chemical blood alcohol tests]], as a physical deterrent for drivers with [[Alcoholism|alcoholic use disorder]], or as a [[Civil penalty|pseudo-civil punishment]]. Ignition interlock requirements are also imposed in some instances after an [[implied consent|implied consent refusal]] under similar forensic procedures.

In most US implementations, IIDs are set to a "[[Zero tolerance#Driving|zero tolerance]]" level (set to either levels consistent with culinary alcohol or measurement errors).

In operation, the driver blows into IIDs to enable the car's starter. After a variable time period of approximately 20–40 minutes, the driver is required to re-certify (blow again) within a time period consistent with safely pulling off the roadway. If the driver fails to re-certify within the time period, the car will alarm in a manner similar to setting off the car's [[immobilizer]], but mechanically independent of it. The installation company may provide regular reports to the Department of Motor Vehicles of a driver's home state regarding its usage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Common questions about ignition interlock devices in Arizona |url=https://www.scottsdale-duilawyer.com/articles/common-questions-about-ignition-interlock-devices-in-arizona/ |access-date=2022-06-01 |website=Scottsdale DUI Lawyers |language=en-US}}</ref>

Various US states have different penalties for disabling IIDs. In some cases, the driver may be penalized if a family member or mechanic disables the IID when not in use by the sanctioned individual, or temporarily for servicing the vehicle. In some implementations, disabling by mechanics and others is either permitted or authorisation easily obtained, but some jurisdictions restrict or deny authorisation. (Such restrictions on mechanics can be problematic, for example, if limited to designated "licensed mechanics" or as applied to routine repair procedures requiring operation of the ignition and starter systems.) Some jurisdictions criminalize such temporary bypass of IIDs.

Violations can occur from a driver not having reached the "[[Zero tolerance#Driving|zero tolerance]]" level, but can also occur from use by other drivers within legal limits, or from test anomalies. In some states, anomalies are routinely discounted, for example as not consistent with patterns of BAC levels or at levels incompatible with life (e.g., significant mouth alcohol - if read as BAC would mean the patient is dead). In some states, "fail" readings inconsistent with actual alcohol use can be cleared by a routine process, but other states automatically deem these "fail" readings as violations.

;Alaska

"DUI Offenders may be required to obtain an Ignition Interlock Device (IID)."<ref name=AKDOT>{{cite web|last=State of|first=Alaska|title=Ignition Interlock Information|url=http://doa.alaska.gov/dmv/reinst/iidinfo.htm|work=Ignition Interlock|publisher=Arizona MVD|access-date=27 September 2012}}</ref>

;Arizona
Arizona offers what is called a Special Ignition Interlock Restricted Driver's License In Lieu of mandatory license suspension. It is a type of restricted driver's license that is used to facilitate the Ignition Interlock Requirement in a Vehicle. The time that the SIIRDL is required varies by offense, with an average length of 12 months.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAQ - Ignition Interlock |url=https://azdot.gov/mvd/services/driver-services/ignition-interlock/faq-ignition-interlock |website=azdot.gov |publisher=Arizona Department of Transportation |access-date=14 October 2024}}</ref> All IIDs must be installed by an approved company, and must be equipped with a camera, GPS and real-time reporting capabilities.<ref>{{cite web |title=FAQ - Ignition Interlock |url=https://azdot.gov/motor-vehicles/driver-services/ignition-interlock/faq-ignition-interlock |website=ADOT |publisher=Arizona Department of Transportation |access-date=24 October 2019}}</ref>

;California
As of July 1, 2010, California implemented a pilot project for DUI sentencing, as a pilot program involving four counties under AB 91: [[Alameda County, California|Alameda]], [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles]], [[Sacramento County, California|Sacramento]], and [[Tulare County, California|Tulare]]. Under the pilot project, if driving on a suspended license due to a DUI conviction, legally the court must impose an ignition interlock device requirement for up to a maximum of three years from the date of conviction. As of July 1, 2010, interlocks are required upon a DUI conviction in the four counties.

In the four counties under the AB 91 pilot program, all drivers convicted of a DUI offense are required to install IIDs in their vehicles as a condition to receive restricted driving privileges. First offenders convicted of drunk driving are required to install an ignition interlock device in their car for a period of five months and second offenders for a period of one year.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thompson|first1=Don|title=Calif. DUI law among those taking effect today|url=http://www.sbsun.com/article/ZZ/20100701/NEWS/100709882|access-date=30 June 2017|agency=Associated Press|publisher=San Bernardino County Sun|date=1 July 2010}}</ref> Previously, this requirement was only required for third offenders and permitted for second offenders, and then for a three-year period. The California DMV has written guidelines to clear up some ambiguities in the law. Costs associated with ignition interlock devices include $70 – $150 for installation and fees in the range of $60 - $80 per month thereafter.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pamer|first1=Melissa|title=Ignition Interlock Requirement for DUI Offenders Signed Into Law by Gov. Jerry Brown|url=http://ktla.com/2016/09/28/ignition-interlock-requirement-for-dui-offenders-signed-into-law-by-gov-jerry-brown/|access-date=30 June 2017|publisher=KTLA 5|date=28 September 2016}}</ref>

SB 598 shortens the amount of time certain repeat DUI offenders will have to wait before becoming eligible to apply for restricted California driving privileges. To receive the restricted license, though, these drivers will be required to meet certain criteria, such as the installation of an IID in their vehicles.<ref>{{cite book|title=State of California 2013 Vehicle Code|year=2013|publisher=Department of Motor Vehicles|location=Sacramento|url=http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/veh_code.pdf|chapter=Section 14601.2|access-date=2013-10-30|archive-date=2013-10-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031235059/http://www.dmv.ca.gov/pubs/veh_code.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

;Georgia
First-time DUI convictions result in one year of a mandatory ignition interlock device.[42] A second conviction requires the IID be installed for at least five years, and on a third offense or greater, the requirement becomes at least ten years. Some convictions of negligent driving or reckless driving can require the convicted person to use an IID for a period of six months or longer.

;Massachusetts

Starting January 1, 2006, drivers that had a second or subsequent operating under the influence offense and are eligible for a hardship license or for license reinstatement, are required to have an ignition interlock device attached to their motor vehicle, at their own expense.<ref>Massachusetts Driver's Manual, pp. 58</ref>

;New Jersey
Senate bill S824 decreases the length of driver’s license suspensions for drunk driving and refusing to submit to a breathalyzer test, but increases ignition interlock device requirements for these offenses. All first-time DWI offenders in the state of New Jersey are required to install an ignition interlock device on their vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2018/Bills/S1000/824_I1.HTM|title=New Jersey Senate Bill S824|website=State of New Jersey, 218th Legislature|access-date=29 August 2019}}</ref> Also, if your license has been revoked for failure to submit to an alcohol test, you can regain your driving privileges if you install an ignition interlock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://interlockdevice.com/interlock-device/|title=Interlock Device Rules: Steps to Regaining Your License in New Jersey|website=Interlock Device of New Jersey|access-date=12 September 2019|archive-date=5 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191105043220/https://interlockdevice.com/interlock-device/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

;New Mexico

Ignition interlocks are required for at least one year for all first-time DWI offenders; subsequent offenses require longer periods of installation.<ref>{{cite web|title=The High Cost of DWI in New Mexico|url=http://transportation.unm.edu/pubs/HighCost11x17.pdf|publisher=University of New Mexico|access-date=30 October 2013|year=2010|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031204603/http://transportation.unm.edu/pubs/HighCost11x17.pdf|archive-date=31 October 2013}}</ref> Also, if your license has been revoked for failure to submit to an alcohol test, you can regain your driving privileges if you install an ignition interlock.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lifesafer.com/new-mexico/|title=Steps to Regaining Your License in New Mexico|date=15 February 2018|website=LifeSafer|access-date=15 February 2018}}</ref>

;New York

Don Prudente from DriveSafe Ignition Interlock of New York, Inc. states that as of August 15, 2010, New York state requires a person sentenced for Driving While Intoxicated have an ignition interlock device installed for at least 6 months on any vehicle they own or operate, and the driver have an "ignition interlock" restriction added to their driver license.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://dmv.ny.gov/alcohol-drug.htm#lelaw | title=Alcohol and Drug Driving Violations | publisher=New York State Department of Motor Vehicles | access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref> This was mandated in honor of [[Leandra's Law|Leandra Rosado]] who died riding in a vehicle driven by a drunk driver.

;North Carolina

A conviction of Driving While Impaired with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.15 or more or another conviction within the past seven years will require an ignition interlock device to be installed on the vehicle.<ref>North Carolina Driver's Manual, p. 29</ref>

;Rhode Island
As of 2015, Rhode Island courts have had the power to grant a hardship license to DUI offenders following the installation of an ignition interlock device.<ref>{{cite web |title=State Ignition Interlock Laws |url=https://www.ncsl.org/transportation/state-ignition-interlock-laws |website=NCSL |publisher=National Conference of State Legislatures |access-date=19 September 2024 |date=14 March 2024}}</ref> First-time DUI offenders can be required to use the IID for three months to one year. A second conviction can require IID usage for six months to two years. A third conviction can require IID usage for one to four years, while a third conviction within five years can require IID usage for two to 10 years.<ref>{{cite web |title=Penalties |url=https://dmv.ri.gov/node/1396 |website=dmv.ri.gov |publisher=Rhode Island Division of Motor Vehicles |access-date=19 September 2024}}</ref>

;Texas

As of Sept 1, 2015, anyone arrested for driving over the legal limit of .08% can opt for an IID restriction rather than wait for their driver's license suspension period to be up. For BAC levels .15% and over, Texas courts require IIDs, even for first time offenders.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://carcarehumbletexas.com/who-can-install-iids/ |title=Texas Ignition Interlock Program |publisher=Elite RV & Car Care Corp |access-date=2019-06-20}}</ref>

;Utah

Effective July 2, 2009, anyone convicted of a DUI, whether it be a first offense or a subsequent offense, will be required to have an ignition interlock device placed on their car — for 18 months for first time offense.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.le.state.ut.us/UtahCode/getCodeSection?code=41-6a-518.2 |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20100808051326/http://le.utah.gov/~code/TITLE41/htm/41_06a051802.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=August 8, 2010 |title=Utah Code |publisher=Le.state.ut.us |access-date=2012-07-15 }}</ref>

;Virginia

Effective July 1, 2012, anyone who is convicted of DUI may drive only with an ignition interlock after the first offense, as a condition of a restricted license and is required to have an ignition interlock installed in each vehicle owned by or registered to him after a second offense for a period of six months. The bill also provides that the court may authorize a restricted license for travel to and from the interlock installer and a person can pre-qualify for an ignition interlock prior to conviction.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://lis.virginia.gov/cgi-bin/legp604.exe?121+sum+HB279 | title=HB 279 DUI ignition interlock; required on first offense as a condition of a restricted license. | publisher=Virginia's Legislative Information System | access-date=2012-07-15}}</ref>

;Washington

First-time DUI convictions result in one year of a mandatory ignition interlock device.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dol.wa.gov/driverslicense/ignitioninterlock.html|title=WA State Licensing (DOL) Official Site: Ignition interlock device|publisher=Washington State Department of Licensing|access-date=2015-01-24}}</ref> A second conviction requires the IID be installed for at least five years, and on a third offense or greater, the requirement becomes at least ten years. Some convictions of negligent driving or reckless driving can require the convicted person to use an IID for a period of six months or longer.