Editing Interoperability (section)

===Business processes===
Interoperability is often more of an organizational issue. Interoperability can have a significant impact on the organizations concerned, raising issues of ownership (do people want to share their data? or are they dealing with [[information silo]]s?), labor relations (are people prepared to undergo training?) and usability. In this context, a more apt definition is captured in the term ''[[business process interoperability]]''.

Interoperability can have important [[economic]] consequences; for example, research has estimated the cost of inadequate interoperability in the US capital facilities industry to be $15.8 billion a year.<ref>{{cite report|author1=MP Gallaher|author2=AC O’Connor|author3=JL Dettbarn, Jr.|author4=LT Gilday|date=August 2004|title=Cost Analysis of Inadequate Interoperability in the U.S. Capital Facilities Industry|url=http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/gcr/2004/NIST.GCR.04-867.pdf|publisher=National Institute of Standards and Technology|page=iv|access-date=2012-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204225252/http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/gcr/2004/NIST.GCR.04-867.pdf|archive-date=2016-02-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> If competitors' products are not interoperable (due to causes such as [[patent]]s, [[trade secret]]s or [[Coordination failure (economics)|coordination failures]]), the result may well be [[monopoly]] or [[market failure]]. For this reason, it may be prudent for user communities or governments to take steps to encourage interoperability in various situations. At least 30 international bodies and countries have implemented [[eGovernment]]-based interoperability framework initiatives called [[e-GIF]] while in the US there is the [[NIEM]] initiative.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lists.oasis-open.org/archives/tgf/201101/pdf00010.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://lists.oasis-open.org/archives/tgf/201101/pdf00010.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live |title=e-Government Interoperability A comparative analysis of 30 countries |publisher=CS Transform |year=2010 |access-date=21 January 2016}}</ref>