Editing Inverse problem (section)

==== Inverse heat conduction ====

Early publications on inverse heat conduction arose from determining surface heat flux during atmospheric re-entry from buried temperature sensors.<ref>{{Cite journal | author1 = Shumakov, N. V. | title = A method for the experimental study of the process of heating a solid body | journal = Soviet Physics –Technical Physics (Translated by American Institute of Physics) | volume = 2 | pages = 771 | year =  1957 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | author1 = Stolz, G. Jr. | title =  Numerical solutions to an inverse problem of heat conduction for simple shapes | journal = Journal of Heat Transfer | volume =  82 | pages = 20–26 | year = 1960 | doi = 10.1115/1.3679871 }}</ref>
Other applications where surface heat flux is needed but surface sensors are not practical include: inside reciprocating engines, inside rocket engines; and, testing of nuclear reactor components.<ref>{{Cite book | author1 = Beck, J. V. | author2 =  Blackwell, B.  |author3 =  St. Clair, C. R. Jr. | title = Inverse Heat Conduction. Ill-Posed Problems | location =  New York | publisher = J. Wiley & Sons | year = 1985 | isbn =  0471083194 }}</ref> A variety of numerical techniques have been developed to address the ill-posedness and sensitivity to measurement error caused by damping and lagging in the temperature signal.<ref>{{cite journal | author1 = Beck, J. V. | author2 =  Blackwell, B. |author3 =  Haji-Sheikh, B. | title =  Comparison of some inverse heat conduction methods using experimental data | journal =  International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer | volume = 39 | issue = 17 | year =  1996  | pages = 3649–3657 | doi =  10.1016/0017-9310(96)00034-8
| bibcode = 1996IJHMT..39.3649B }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author1 = Ozisik, M. N. |author2 =  Orlande, H. R. B.
| title =  Inverse Heat Transfer, Fundamentals and Applications | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2021 | isbn = 9780367820671 | edition = 2nd }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Inverse Engineering Handbook, edited by K. A. Woodbury | publisher = CRC Press | year = 2002 | isbn = 9780849308611 }}</ref>