Editing Lying in state (section)

==Vatican City==
[[File:Giovanni Paolo II 0013.JPG|thumb|[[Pope John Paul II]]'s body lying in state]]

Prior to 2000, when ''[[Ordo Exsequiarum Romani Pontificis]]'' was published under the pontificate of [[Pope John Paul II]], the Vatican had no prescribed funeral rites for a deceased pope. Funerals were conducted based upon past practices with alterations according to instructions the pope wrote during his lifetime. The funerals of [[Death and funeral of Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] and [[Death and funeral of Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]] followed these instructions. On the first day of lying in state, John Paul II laid in the chapel of the [[Apostolic Palace]] to allow members of the Papal household and Vatican officials to pay respects. However, Benedict XVI and Francis laid in state in the chapel of [[Domus Sanctae Marthae]] as it was their residence at the time of their deaths.<ref name=BBC-Francis>{{cite news| title=In pictures: Symbolism on show as Pope Francis lies in open coffin| url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clyqg50gzevo| date=23 April 2025| website=[[BBC News]]| access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref> 

After a Mass of Visitation the following morning, a procession moves the body to [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. It was placed on a [[catafalque]] so the public may pay respects for three days. The [[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] celebrates a [[Requiem Mass]] on the fourth day.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vatican.va/gpII/documents/sodano-suffragio-jp-ii_20050403_en.html |title=Eucharistic Concelebration for the Repose of the Soul of Pope John Paul II: Homily of Card. Angelo Sodano |date=3 April 2005 |website=[[Holy See|The Holy See]] |access-date=30 July 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225040959/https://www.vatican.va/gpII/documents/sodano-suffragio-jp-ii_20050403_en.html |archive-date=25 December 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Pope Francis' body lies in state ahead of Saturday funeral| url=https://www.npr.org/2025/04/23/nx-s1-5372537/pope-francis-body-lies-in-state-ahead-of-saturday-funeral| first1=Ruth| last1=Sherlock| first2=Fatima| last2=Al-Kassab| first3=Lauren| last3=Frayer| work=[[Morning Edition]]| date=23 April 2025| access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref>

[[Pope Francis]] published a revised ''Ordo Exsequiarum Romani Pontificis'' in 2024 and his 2025 funeral followed the new rites.  His revisions dispensed with the large catafalque in the basilica and his body lay in an open coffin on a low platform. The coffin itself differed from those of his predecessors who were buried in a three-part coffin of cyprus, lead and oak. Per his wishes, Francis was placed in a simple wooden coffin lined with zinc.<ref>{{cite web| title=Vatican simplifies funeral rite for popes| url=https://titancasket.com/blogs/funeral-guides-and-more/the-funeral-and-casket-details-of-pope-francis| first=Hannah| last=Brockhaus| website=[[Catholic News Agency]]| date=20 November 2024| access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref>

An earlier revision that both editions incorporated has been the number of candles surrounding the catafalque or bier. Upon the death of [[Pope John XXIII]], the catafalque was surrouned by 24 candles as was the catafalque of many of his predecessors.<ref>{{cite news| title=History of pope funerals: Learn about the life, death, legacy of 5 Catholic Church leaders| url=https://www.usatoday.com/picture-gallery/news/world/2025/02/19/pope-funerals-photos-catholic-history/79194793007/| newspaper=[[USA Today]]| date=20 February 2025| access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media| title=The funeral of Pope John XXIII (1963)| url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AfYWCWBPCR8&ab_channel=CaeremonialeRomanum| medium=Newsreel| publisher=British Pathé| date=31 December 2022| via=[[YouTube]]| minutes=2:27| access-date=1 May 2025}}</ref> [[Pope Paul VI]], requested only a single paschal candle placed near the catafalque, a practice continued by all subsequent pontiffs to date.<ref>{{cite news| title=Pope Paul VI lying in state in the Vatican in 1978| url=https://www.gettyimages.in/detail/news-photo/pope-paul-vi-lying-in-state-in-the-vatican-in-1978-news-photo/635743737| first=David| last=Lees| website=[[Getty Images]]| date=August 1978}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Pope John Paul the First Lies in State in St. Peter's Basilica| url=https://reuters.screenocean.com/record/640740| website=[[Reuters]]| date=2 October 1978}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Lying in State| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/lying-in-state/17/| work=[[CBS News]]| date=3 April 2005}}</ref>

Upon their death, [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|cardinals]] do not lie in state. Their casket is usually placed in vigil on the floor before the altar of the church of [[St Stephen of the Abyssinians]], just behind [[St. Peter's Basilica]].  During this period, mourners may pay respects. The Requiem Mass is usually held within four days after death and is presided by the senior cardinal available. It is held at the [[Chair of Saint Peter|Altar of the Chair]] behind the [[St. Peter's Baldachin|high altar]] of St. Peter's Basilica. The pope will attend if he is not traveling, and may participate or simply observe.<ref>{{cite news| title=A Simple Funeral for a Catholic Cardinal: A Primer| url=https://catholicmasses.org/a-simple-funeral-for-a-catholic-cardinal-a-primer/| newspaper=[[National Catholic Register]]| date=16 January 2023| access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| title=Pope Francis attends funeral of Cardinal Sodano| url=https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/251411/pope-francis-attends-funeral-of-cardinal-sodano| website=Catholic News Agency| date=31 May 2022| access-date=30 April 2025}}</ref>