Editing MP3 (section)

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="mp3-name">{{cite web | url = http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050712005686/en/Fraunhofer-IIS-Happy-Birthday-MP3! | title = Happy Birthday MP3! | publisher = Fraunhofer IIS | date = 12 July 2005 | access-date = 18 July 2010 | archive-date = 11 December 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141211110033/http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20050712005686/en/Fraunhofer-IIS-Happy-Birthday-MP3! | url-status = dead }}</ref>
{{ref RFC|3003}}
{{ref RFC|3555}}
{{ref RFC|5219}}
<ref name="11172-3">{{cite web | url = http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=22412 | title = ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993&nbsp;– Information technology&nbsp;— Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about {{nowrap|1,5 Mbit/s —}} Part 3: Audio | publisher = ISO | year = 1993 | access-date = 14 July 2010 | archive-date = 28 May 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120528230220/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=22412 | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="13818-3">{{cite web | url = http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=22991 | title = ISO/IEC 13818-3:1995&nbsp;– Information technology&nbsp;— Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information&nbsp;— Part 3: Audio | publisher = ISO | year = 1995 | access-date = 14 July 2010 | archive-date = 12 January 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120112191104/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=22991 | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Jayant1993">{{ cite journal | doi = 10.1109/5.241504 | last1 = Jayant | first1 = Nikil | author1-link=Nikil Jayant |last2 = Johnston | first2 = James | last3 = Safranek | first3 = Robert | journal = Proceedings of the IEEE | volume = 81 | issue = 10 | pages = 1385–1422 | date = October 1993 | title = Signal Compression Based on Models of Human Perception }}</ref>

<!-- <ref name="Chiariglione">{{ cite web|url=http://ride.chiariglione.org/MPEG%27s_1st_steps.php |title=Riding the Media Bits&nbsp;— MPEG's first Steps |first=Leonardo |last=Chiariglione |date=6 September 2009 |access-date=4 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101091827/http://ride.chiariglione.org/MPEG%27s_1st_steps.php |archive-date=1 November 2011  }}</ref> -->

<ref name="cd-1991">{{ cite web | url = http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/meetings/kurihama91/kurihama_press.htm | title = MPEG Press Release, Kurihama, November 1991 | author = ISO | date = November 1991 | publisher = ISO | access-date = 17 July 2010  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110503174827/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/meetings/kurihama91/kurihama_press.htm | archive-date = 3 May 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="neuron2-cd-1991">{{ cite web | url = http://ecee.colorado.edu/~fmeyer/class/ecen4532/mpeg1-layerIII.pdf | title = CD 11172-3 – Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media at Up to About {{nowrap|1.5 Mbit/s}} Part 3 Audio | author = ISO | date = November 1991 | access-date = 17 July 2010  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235927/http://ecee.colorado.edu/~fmeyer/class/ecen4532/mpeg1-layerIII.pdf | archive-date = 30 December 2013 }}</ref>
<ref name="dis-1992">{{ cite web | url = http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/meetings/london/london_press.htm | title = MPEG Press Release, London, 6 November 1992 | author = ISO | date = 6 November 1992 | publisher = Chiariglione | access-date = 17 July 2010  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100812034709/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/meetings/london/london_press.htm | archive-date = 12 August 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="mpeg-audio-faq-bc">{{cite web | url = http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/faq/mp1-aud/mp1-aud.htm | title = MPEG Audio FAQ Version 9 – MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 BC | author = ISO | date = October 1998 | publisher = ISO | access-date = 28 October 2009 | archive-date = 18 February 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100218081343/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/faq/mp1-aud/mp1-aud.htm | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Mayer1894">{{cite journal | last = Mayer | first = Alfred Marshall | title = Researches in Acoustics | journal = London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine | volume = 37 | pages = 259–288 | year = 1894 | doi = 10.1080/14786449408620544 | issue = 226 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1431205 | access-date = 26 June 2019 | archive-date = 12 September 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190912070237/https://zenodo.org/record/1431205 | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Ehmer1959">{{ cite journal | doi = 10.1121/1.1907853 | last = Ehmer | first = Richard H. | journal = The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | volume = 31 | page = 1253 | year = 1959 | title = Masking by Tones Vs Noise Bands | issue = 9
 | bibcode = 1959ASAJ...31.1253E }}</ref>
<ref name="Terhardt1982">{{ cite journal | doi = 10.1121/1.387544 | last1 = Terhardt | first1 = E. | last2 = Stoll | first2 = G. | last3 = Seewann | first3 = M. | journal = The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | volume = 71 | page = 679
 | date = March 1982 | title = Algorithm for Extraction of Pitch and Pitch Salience from Complex Tonal Signals | issue = 3
 | bibcode = 1982ASAJ...71..679T }}</ref>
<ref name="Schroeder1979">{{ cite journal | doi = 10.1121/1.383662 | author1-link = Manfred R. Schroeder | last1 = Schroeder | author2-link=Bishnu S. Atal | first1 = M.R. | last2 = Atal | first2 = B.S. | last3 = Hall | first3 = J.L. | journal = The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America | volume = 66 | page = 1647
 | date = December 1979 | title = Optimizing Digital Speech Coders by Exploiting Masking Properties of the Human Ear | issue = 6
 | bibcode = 1979ASAJ...66.1647S }}</ref>
<ref name="Krasner">{{ Cite thesis | last = Krasner | first = M. A. | title = Digital Encoding of Speech and Audio Signals Based on the Perceptual Requirements of the Auditory System | date = 18 June 1979 | publisher = Massachusetts Institute of Technology | hdl = 1721.1/16011 | type = Thesis }}</ref>
<ref name="Zwicker">{{cite book | last1=Zwicker  |first1=Eberhard |title=Facts and Models in Hearing | chapter=On a Psychoacoustical Equivalent of Tuning Curves |volume=8 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-3-642-65902-7/page/n138 132]–141 | doi=10.1007/978-3-642-65902-7_19 | url=https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-3-642-65902-7|series=Communication and Cybernetics |year=1974 |isbn=978-3-642-65904-1 }}</ref>
<ref name="Eberhard">{{ cite book | url = http://asa.aip.org/books/ear.html | trans-title = The Ear as a Communication Receiver | title = Das Ohr als Nachrichtenempfänger | first1 = Eberhard | last1 = Zwicker | first2 = Richard | last2 = Feldtkeller | others = Trans. by Hannes Müsch, Søren Buus, and Mary Florentine | orig-date = 1967 | year = 1999 | access-date = 29 June 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20000914080525/http://asa.aip.org/books/ear.html | archive-date = 14 September 2000  }}</ref>
<ref name="Fletcher">{{ cite book | title = Speech and Hearing in Communication | first = Harvey | last = Fletcher | publisher = Acoustical Society of America | year = 1995 | isbn = 978-1-56396-393-3 }}</ref>
<ref name="Voice Coding for Communications">{{ cite journal | journal = IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications | title = Voice Coding for Communications | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | date = February 1988 }}</ref>
<ref name="Brandenburg">{{cite conference | last1 = Brandenburg | first1 = Karlheinz | last2 = Seitzer | first2 = Dieter | title = OCF: Coding High Quality Audio with Data Rates of {{nowrap|64 kbit/s}} | conference = 85th Convention of Audio Engineering Society | date = 3–6 November 1988 | url = http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=4721 | access-date = 18 March 2008 | archive-date = 4 June 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080604034512/http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=4721 | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Johnston1988">{{ cite journal | doi = 10.1109/49.608 | last = Johnston | first = James D. | journal = IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 314–323
 | date = February 1988 | title = Transform Coding of Audio Signals Using Perceptual Noise Criteria
 }}</ref>
<ref name="BusinessWeek_2007">{{Cite news | first = Jack | last = Ewing | title = How MP3 Was Born | work = [[Bloomberg BusinessWeek]] | date = 5 March 2007 | url = https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2007-03-05/how-mp3-was-bornbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice | access-date = 24 July 2007 | archive-date = 15 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160315061732/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2007-03-05/how-mp3-was-bornbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Sterne2012_Vega">{{cite book|author=Jonathan Sterne|title=MP3: The Meaning of a Format|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O9bcwTHMpN0C&pg=PA178|date=17 July 2012|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-5287-7|page=178}}</ref>
<ref name="santa-clara-1990">{{ cite press release | url = http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/meetings/santa_clara90/santa_clara_press.htm | title = Status report of ISO MPEG | publisher = [[International Organization for Standardization]] | date = September 1990  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100214044029/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/meetings/santa_clara90/santa_clara_press.htm | archive-date = 14 February 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="Aspec">{{Cite journal | url = http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=5682 | journal = AES E-Library | title = Aspec-Adaptive Spectral Entropy Coding of High Quality Music Signals | year = 1991 | access-date = 24 August 2010 | archive-date = 11 May 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511083910/http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=5682 | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="sydney1993">{{ cite press release | url = http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/meetings/sydney93/sydney_press.htm | title = Adopted at 22nd WG11 meeting | publisher = [[International Organization for Standardization]] | date = 2 April 1993 | access-date = 18 July 2010  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100806161942/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/meetings/sydney93/sydney_press.htm | archive-date = 6 August 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="Brandenburg1997">{{cite journal | url = http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=7871 | title = Overview of MPEG Audio: Current and Future Standards for Low-Bit-Rate Audio Coding | last1 = Brandenburg | first1 = Karlheinz | last2 = Bosi | first2 = Marina | journal = Journal of the Audio Engineering Society | volume = 45 | issue = 1/2 | pages = 4–21 | date = February 1997 | access-date = 30 June 2008 | archive-date = 17 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090417030540/http://www.aes.org/e-lib/browse.cfm?elib=7871 | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="MPEG-2.5">{{ cite web | url = http://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/EN/bf/amm/projects/mp3/index.jsp | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080124200925/http://www.iis.fraunhofer.de/EN/bf/amm/projects/mp3/index.jsp | archive-date = 24 January 2008 | publisher = [[Fraunhofer IIS]] | title = MP3 technical details (MPEG-2 and MPEG-2.5) | quote = "MPEG-2.5" is the name of a proprietary extension developed by Fraunhofer IIS. It enables MP3 to work satisfactorily at very low bitrates and introduces the additional sampling rates 8&nbsp;kHz, 11.025&nbsp;kHz and 12&nbsp;kHz.
 | date = September 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="MPEG-2.5-2">{{cite web | first = Predrag | last = Supurovic | title = MPEG Audio Frame Header | date = 22 December 1999 | url = https://www.datavoyage.com/mpgscript/mpeghdr.htm | access-date = 29 May 2009 | archive-date = 7 September 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080907114653/http://www.datavoyage.com/mpgscript/mpeghdr.htm | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="mp3tech-iso13818-3">{{cite web | url = http://www.mp3-tech.org/programmer/docs/iso13818-3.zip | format = ZIP | title = ISO/IEC 13818-3:1994(E) – Information Technology&nbsp;— Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio: Audio | date = 11 November 1994 | access-date = 4 August 2010 | archive-date = 13 June 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100613060642/http://mp3-tech.org/programmer/docs/iso13818-3.zip | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="motherofmp3">{{Cite web | url=https://www.suzannevega.com/bio | work=The Official Community of Suzanne Vega | title=Suzanne Vega {{!}} Bio | access-date=2022-01-17 | archive-date=18 January 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118183253/https://www.suzannevega.com/bio | url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="paris_press">{{ cite web | url = http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/meetings/paris94/paris_press.htm | title = Approved at 26th meeting (Paris) | author = MPEG | date = 25 March 1994 | access-date = 5 August 2010  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100726103705/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/meetings/paris94/paris_press.htm | archive-date = 26 July 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="singapore_press">{{ cite web | url = http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/meetings/singapore94/singapore_press.htm | title = Approved at 29th meeting | date = 11 November 1994 | author = MPEG | access-date = 5 August 2010  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100808100029/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/meetings/singapore94/singapore_press.htm | archive-date = 8 August 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="ISO/IEC TR 11172-5:1998">{{cite web | url = http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=25029 | title = ISO/IEC TR 11172-5:1998 – Information technology – Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5&nbsp;Mbit/s – Part 5: Software simulation | author = ISO | access-date = 5 August 2010 | archive-date = 11 May 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511043221/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=25029 | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Software_Simulation.zip">{{cite web | url = http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c025029_ISO_IEC_TR_11172-5_1998(E)_Software_Simulation.zip | title = ISO/IEC TR 11172-5:1998 – Information technology – Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for digital storage media at up to about 1,5&nbsp;Mbit/s – Part 5: Software simulation (Reference Software) | format = ZIP | access-date = 5 August 2010 | archive-date = 30 December 2006 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061230121352/http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c025029_ISO_IEC_TR_11172-5_1998(E)_Software_Simulation.zip | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="MP3_Todays_Technology">{{ cite web | title = MP3 Today's Technology | work = Lots of Informative Information about Music | year = 2005 | url = http://www.513rocks.com/MP3_Todays_Technology_158.shtml
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704065939/http://513rocks.com/MP3_Todays_Technology_158.shtml |archive-date=4 July 2008
|access-date=15 September 2016  }}</ref>
<ref name="seattlepi">{{cite web | url = http://www.seattlepi.com/archives/1999/9902100013.asp | title = Tech-savvy Getting Music For A Song; Industry Frustrated That Internet Makes Free Music Simple | first = Ruth | last = Schubert | access-date = 22 November 2008 | date = 10 February 1999 | work = [[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] }}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
<ref name="Giesler">{{ cite journal | doi = 10.1086/522098 | title = Conflict and Compromise: Drama in Marketplace Evolution | year = 2008 | last1 = Giesler | first1 = Markus | journal = Journal of Consumer Research | volume = 34 | issue = 6 | pages = 739–753 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.564.7146 | s2cid = 145796529 }}</ref>
<ref name="mpeg1">{{cite web | publisher = [[International Organization for Standardization]] | year = 2006 | url = http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=25371 | title = ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993/Cor 1:1996 | access-date = 27 August 2009 | archive-date = 11 May 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110511043230/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=25371 | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Amorim">{{cite web | last = Amorim | first = Roberto | title = Results of {{nowrap|128 kbit/s}} Extension Public Listening Test | date = 3 August 2003 | url = http://listening-tests.freetzi.com/html/128kbps_Extension_public_listening_test_results.htm | access-date = 17 March 2007 | archive-date = 27 December 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111227161246/http://listening-tests.freetzi.com/html/128kbps_Extension_public_listening_test_results.htm | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="listening-test-128-2006">{{cite web | last = Mares | first = Sebastian | title = Results of the public multiformat listening test @ 128 kbps | date = December 2005 | url = http://listening-tests.freetzi.com/mf-128-1/results.htm | access-date = 17 March 2007 | archive-date = 21 November 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111121130652/http://listening-tests.freetzi.com/mf-128-1/results.htm | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Dougherty">{{cite web | url = http://radar.oreilly.com/2009/03/the-sizzling-sound-of-music.html | title = The Sizzling Sound of Music | work = O'Reilly Radar | first = Dale | last = Dougherty | date = 1 March 2009 | access-date = 27 March 2009 | archive-date = 20 December 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091220055620/http://radar.oreilly.com/2009/03/the-sizzling-sound-of-music.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="noisey">{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/yntht-there-are-ghosts-in-your-mp3s/|title=Meet the Musical Clairvoyant Who Finds Ghosts In Your MP3s|work=NOISEY|date=2015-03-18|access-date=25 April 2015|archive-date=29 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429151109/http://noisey.vice.com/blog/yntht-there-are-ghosts-in-your-mp3s|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="schroeder2015">{{cite web|url=http://kernelmag.dailydot.com/issue-sections/features-issue-sections/12144/ghost-in-mp3-compression-audio/|title=The ghosts in the mp3|work=The Kernel |date=2015-03-15|access-date=25 April 2015|archive-date=14 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614081313/http://kernelmag.dailydot.com/issue-sections/features-issue-sections/12144/ghost-in-mp3-compression-audio/}}</ref>
<ref name="hull2015">{{cite web|url=https://news.virginia.edu/content/lost-and-found-uva-grad-student-discovers-ghosts-mp3|title=Lost and Found: U.Va. Grad Student Discovers Ghosts in the MP3|work=UVA Today|date=2015-02-23|access-date=25 April 2015|archive-date=13 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613002703/https://news.virginia.edu/content/lost-and-found-uva-grad-student-discovers-ghosts-mp3|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="Maguire2014">{{Cite web |url=http://speech.di.uoa.gr/ICMC-SMC-2014/images/VOL_1/0243.pdf |title=The Ghost in the MP3 |access-date=25 April 2015 |archive-date=12 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612184005/http://speech.di.uoa.gr/ICMC-SMC-2014/images/VOL_1/0243.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="Woon-Seng">{{cite book | title = Embedded signal processing with the Micro Signal Architecture | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Lg0aN3vYw20C&q=128+kbit+mp3&pg=PA382 | author = Woon-Seng Gan | author2 = Sen-Maw Kuo | page = 382 | isbn = 978-0-471-73841-1 | year = 2007 | publisher = [[Wiley-IEEE Press]] | access-date = 16 November 2020 | archive-date = 10 March 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210310182738/https://books.google.com/books?id=Lg0aN3vYw20C&q=128+kbit+mp3&pg=PA382 | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Bouvigne">{{cite web | last = Bouvigne | first = Gabriel | title = freeformat at {{nowrap|640 kbit/s}} and foobar2000, possibilities? | date = 28 November 2006 | url = https://hydrogenaud.io/index.php?PHPSESSID=aimg728m4eib19iggvujst7ju3&topic=38808.msg452751#msg452751 | access-date = 15 September 2016 | archive-date = 19 September 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160919091413/https://hydrogenaud.io/index.php?PHPSESSID=aimg728m4eib19iggvujst7ju3&topic=38808.msg452751#msg452751 | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="LAME_GPSYCHO">{{cite web | url = http://lame.sourceforge.net/vbr.php | work = LAME MP3 Encoder | title = GPSYCHO&nbsp;– Variable Bit Rate | access-date = 11 July 2009 | archive-date = 22 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090422172037/http://lame.sourceforge.net/vbr.php | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="TwoLAME">{{cite web | url = http://www.twolame.org/doc/vbr.html | title = TwoLAME: MPEG Audio Layer II VBR | access-date = 11 July 2009 | archive-date = 3 July 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100703052530/http://www.twolame.org/doc/vbr.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 BC">{{cite web | author = ISO MPEG Audio Subgroup | url = http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/faq/mp1-aud/mp1-aud.htm#15 | title = MPEG Audio FAQ Version 9: MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 BC | access-date = 11 July 2009 | archive-date = 18 February 2010 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100218081343/http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/faq/mp1-aud/mp1-aud.htm#15 | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="brandenburg">{{ cite web | url = http://www.telos-systems.com/support/tech-talk/138-guest-papers/267-mp3-and-aac-explained | title = MP3 and AAC Explained | last = Brandenburg | first = Karlheinz | year = 1999 | format = PDF  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141019025919/http://www.telos-systems.com/support/tech-talk/138-guest-papers/267-mp3-and-aac-explained | archive-date = 19 October 2014 }}</ref>
<ref name="Limitations">{{ cite web | url = http://www.mp3-tech.org/content/?Mp3%20Limitations | title = MP3 Tech&nbsp;— Limitations | last = Bouvigne | first = Gabriel | year = 2003  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110107101602/http://www.mp3-tech.org/content/?Mp3%20Limitations | archive-date = 7 January 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="LAME Y">{{cite web | title = LAME Y switch | url = http://wiki.hydrogenaud.io/index.php?title=LAME_Y_switch | website = Hydrogenaudio Knowledgebase | access-date = 23 March 2015 | archive-date = 2 April 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150402132607/http://wiki.hydrogenaud.io/index.php?title=LAME_Y_switch | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Rae">{{cite web | last1 = Rae | first1 = Casey | title = Metadata and You | url = https://futureofmusic.org/blog/2009/08/06/metadata-and-you | website = Future of Music Coalition | access-date = 12 December 2014 | archive-date = 29 June 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170629225326/https://futureofmusic.org/blog/2009/08/06/metadata-and-you  }}</ref>
<ref name="Patel">{{cite conference|title=Performance of a Software MPEG Video Decoder|first1=Ketan|last1=Patel|first2=Brian C.|last2=Smith|first3=Lawrence A.|last3=Rowe|conference=ACM Multimedia 1993 Conference|url=http://www.cs.unc.edu/~kmp/publications/mm93/MM93-paper.pdf|access-date=1 July 2019|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902110246/http://www.cs.unc.edu/~kmp/publications/mm93/MM93-paper.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="mpegfa31.txt">{{cite web | url=http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/research/mpeg/software/Old/mpegfa31.txt | title=The MPEG-FAQ, Version 3.1 | date=14 May 1994 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090723213246/http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/research/mpeg/software/Old/mpegfa31.txt | archive-date=23 July 2009 }}</ref>
<ref name="big-list">{{cite web | title = A Big List of MP3 Patents (and supposed expiration dates) | url = http://www.tunequest.org/a-big-list-of-mp3-patents/20070226/ | work = tunequest | date = 26 February 2007 | access-date = 19 March 2007 | archive-date = 2 March 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070302043255/http://www.tunequest.org/a-big-list-of-mp3-patents/20070226/ | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Cogliati">{{cite web | url = http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2008/7/18/232618/312 | title = Patent Status of MPEG-1, H.261 and MPEG-2 | work = [[Kuro5hin]] | first = Josh | last = Cogliati | date = 20 July 2008 | access-date = 6 October 2009 | archive-date = 16 September 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080916215441/http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2008/7/18/232618/312 | url-status = live }} This work failed to consider patent divisions and continuations.</ref>
<ref name="US5812672">{{USPTO Patent|patnum=5812672}}</ref>
<ref name="Patent expiration">{{cite web|url=http://www.osnews.com/story/24954/US_Patent_Expiration_for_MP3_MPEG-2_H_264|title=US Patent Expiration for MP3, MPEG-2, H.264|publisher=OSNews.com|access-date=22 July 2011|archive-date=2 April 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402184109/http://www.osnews.com/story/24954/US_Patent_Expiration_for_MP3_MPEG-2_H_264|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="ffii">{{ cite web | title = Acoustic Data Compression&nbsp;– MP3 Base Patent | publisher = [[Foundation for a Free Information Infrastructure]] | date = 15 January 2005 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070715144709/http://eupat.ffii.org/patents/samples/ep287578/index.en.html | archive-date = 15 July 2007 | url = http://eupat.ffii.org/patents/samples/ep287578/index.en.html | access-date = 24 July 2007  }}</ref>
<ref name="Technicolor">{{cite web | url=http://www.technicolor.com/en/hi/discover/intellectualproperty | title=Intellectual Property & Licensing | publisher=[[Technicolor SA|Technicolor]] | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504042035/http://www.technicolor.com/en/hi/discover/intellectualproperty | archive-date=4 May 2011 }}</ref>
<ref name="Kistenfeger">{{ cite web|first=Muzinée |last=Kistenfeger |title=The Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, FhG) |publisher=British Consulate-General Munich |date=July 2007 |url=http://www.britischebotschaft.de/en/embassy/r&t/notes/rt-fs005_Fraunhofer.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020818073018/http://www.britischebotschaft.de/en/embassy/r%26t/notes/rt-fs005_Fraunhofer.html  |archive-date=18 August 2002 |access-date=24 July 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="chillingeffects">{{cite web | title = Early MP3 Patent Enforcement | publisher = [[Chilling Effects Clearinghouse]] | date = 1 September 1998 | url = http://www.chillingeffects.org/patent/notice.cgi?NoticeID=464 | access-date = 24 July 2007 | archive-date = 19 August 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140819225409/https://www.chillingeffects.org/patent/notice.cgi?NoticeID=464 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
<ref name="ZDNet India">{{ cite web | title = Audio MPEG and Sisvel: Thomson sued for patent infringement in Europe and the United States&nbsp;— MP3 players stopped by customs | work = ZDNet India | date = 6 October 2005 | url = http://www.zdnetindia.com/news/pressreleases/stories/128960.html | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071011105618/http://zdnetindia.com/news/pressreleases/stories/128960.html | archive-date = 11 October 2007 | access-date = 24 July 2007 }}</ref>
<ref name="SISVEL">{{ cite web | url = http://www.sisvel.com/index.php/sisvel-news/156-sisvel-grants-motorola-an-mp3-and-mpeg-2-audio-patent-license | title = grants Motorola an MP3 and MPEG 2 audio patent license | publisher = SISVEL | date = 21 December 2005 | access-date = 18 January 2014  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140121041554/http://www.sisvel.com/index.php/sisvel-news/156-sisvel-grants-motorola-an-mp3-and-mpeg-2-audio-patent-license | archive-date = 21 January 2014 }}</ref>
<ref name="SanDisk MP3 seizure">{{ cite web | first = Erica | last = Ogg | title = SanDisk MP3 seizure order overturned | work = [[CNET News]] | date = 7 September 2006 | url = http://news.cnet.com/2100-1047_3-6113326.html | access-date = 24 July 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121104164009/http://news.cnet.com/2100-1047_3-6113326.html | archive-date = 4 November 2012 }}</ref>
<ref name="Patent Wild West">{{cite web | title = Sisvel brings Patent Wild West into Germany | work = IPEG blog | date = 7 September 2006 | url = http://ipgeek.blogspot.com/2006/09/sisvels-brings-patent-wild-west-into.html | access-date = 24 July 2007 | archive-date = 23 May 2007 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070523032100/http://ipgeek.blogspot.com/2006/09/sisvels-brings-patent-wild-west-into.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="law360">{{ cite web | title = Apple, SanDisk Settle Texas MP3 Patent Spat | work = IP Law360 | date = 26 January 2009 | url = http://www.law360.com/registrations/user_registration?article_id=84475 | access-date = 16 August 2010 }}</ref>
<ref name="Kelly">{{ cite web | title = Baker Botts LLP Professionals: Lisa Catherine Kelly&nbsp;— Representative Engagements | work = [[Baker Botts LLP]] | url = http://www.bakerbotts.com/lawyers/detail.aspx?id=2aa26940-06f4-44a3-865e-12b66912eed5 | access-date = 15 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210220753/http://www.bakerbotts.com/lawyers/detail.aspx?id=2aa26940-06f4-44a3-865e-12b66912eed5 |archive-date=10 December 2014}}</ref>
<ref name="MP3 payout">{{cite news | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6388273.stm | access-date = 30 June 2008 | work = [[BBC News]] | date = 22 February 2007 | title = Microsoft faces $1.5bn MP3 payout | archive-date = 2 November 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081102042713/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6388273.stm | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Microsoft wins reversal">{{cite web | title = Microsoft wins reversal of MP3 patent decision | url = http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9755745-7.html | access-date = 17 August 2010 | website = [[CNET]] | date = 6 August 2007 | archive-date = 30 December 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131230071338/http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9755745-7.html | url-status = live }}</ref>
<ref name="Alcatel-Lucent">{{ cite web|title=Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit Decision |url=http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/opinions/07-1546.pdf |date=25 September 2008  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029083229/http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/opinions/07-1546.pdf |archive-date=29 October 2008 }}</ref>
}}