Editing Manx language (section)

==== Initial consonant mutations ====
Like all modern Celtic languages, Manx shows [[consonant mutation#Celtic languages|initial consonant mutation]]s, which are processes by which the initial consonant of a word is altered according to its [[morphology (linguistics)|morphological]] and/or [[syntax|syntactic]] environment.<ref>Broderick 1984–86, 1:7–21; 1993, 236–39; Thomson 1992, 132–35</ref> Manx has two mutations: '''[[lenition]]''' and '''[[eclipsis]]''', found on nouns and verbs in a variety of environments; adjectives can undergo lenition but not eclipsis. In the late spoken language of the 20th century the system was breaking down, with speakers frequently failing to use mutation in environments where it was called for, and occasionally using it in environments where it was not called for.

{| class="wikitable"
|+Initial consonant mutations in Manx
! colspan="2" |Unmutated
! colspan="2" |Lenition
! colspan="2" |Eclipsis
|-
!Sp.
! IPA 
!Sp.!! IPA 
!Sp.!! IPA
|-
|p
| {{IPA|/p/}} 
|ph|| {{IPA|/f/}} 
|b|| {{IPA|/b/}}<ref name="unatt">Not attested in the late spoken language (Broderick 1984–86, 3:66)</ref>
|-
|t(h)
| {{IPA|/t̪/}} 
|h|| {{IPA|/h/, /x/}}
|d(h)|| {{IPA|/d̪/}}
|-
|çh
| {{IPA|/tʲ~tɕ/}}
|h|| {{IPA|/h/, /xʲ/}}
|j|| {{IPA|/dʲ/}}<ref name="unatt" />
|-
|c, k
| {{IPA|/kʲ/}} 
|ch|| {{IPA|/xʲ/}} 
|g|| {{IPA|/ɡʲ/}}<ref name="unatt" />
|-
|c, k<br />qu
| {{IPA|/k/}}<br />{{IPA|/kw/}} 
| ch<br />wh
|| {{IPA|/x/, /h/}}<br />{{IPA|/hw/}} 
|g<br />gu
|| {{IPA|/ɡ/}}
|-
|b<br />bw
| {{IPA|/b/}}<br />{{IPA|/bw/}} 
|b<br />w
|| {{IPA|/v/}}<br />{{IPA|/w/}} 
|m<br />mw
|| {{IPA|/m/}}<ref name="unatt" /><br />{{IPA|/mw/}}<ref name="unatt" />
|-
|d(h)
| {{IPA|/d̪/}} 
|gh|| {{IPA|/ɣ/, /w/}} 
|n|| {{IPA|/n/}}<ref name="unatt" />
|-
|j
| {{IPA|/dʲ~dʑ/}}
|gh, y|| {{IPA|/ɣʲ/, /j/}} 
|n|| {{IPA|/nʲ/}}
|-
|g
| {{IPA|/ɡʲ/}} 
|gh, y|| {{IPA|/ɣʲ/, /j/}} 
|ng|| {{IPA|/ŋ/}}?<ref name="unatt" />
|-
|m<br />mw || {{IPA|/m/}}<br />{{IPA|/mw/}} 
|v<br />w
| {{IPA|/v/}}<br />{{IPA|/w/}}
| colspan="2" align="center" {{N/A}}
|-
|f<br />fw
| {{IPA|/f/}}<br />{{IPA|/fw/}} 
|∅<br />wh
|| ∅<br />{{IPA|/hw/}} 
|v<br />w
|| {{IPA|/v/}}<ref name="unatt" /><br />{{IPA|/w/}}<ref name="unatt" />
|-
|s<br />sl<br />sn
| {{IPA|/s/}}<br />{{IPA|/sl/}}<br />{{IPA|/snʲ/}} 
|h<br />l<br />n
|| {{IPA|/h/}}<br />{{IPA|/l/}}<br />{{IPA|/nʲ/}} 
| colspan="2" align="center" {{N/A}}
|-
|sh
| {{IPA|/ʃ/}} 
|h|| {{IPA|/h/, /xʲ/}}
| colspan="2" align="center" {{N/A}}
|}

<references group="*" />
In the corpus of the late spoken language, there is also one example of the eclipsis (nasalisation) of {{IPA|/ɡ/}}: the sentence {{lang|gv|Ta mee er '''ng'''eddyn yn eayn}} ("I have found the lamb"), where {{Angle bracket|ng}} is pronounced {{IPA|/n/}}. However, probably this was a mis-transcription; the verbal noun in this case is not {{lang|gv|geddyn}} "get, fetch", but rather {{lang|gv|feddyn}} "find".<ref>(Broderick 1984–86 2:190, 3:66).</ref>