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Natural language processing
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== Further reading == <!-- In alphabetical order of by last name --> {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Bates |first1=M|year=1995|title=Models of natural language understanding|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America|volume=92|issue=22|pages=9977–9982|doi=10.1073/pnas.92.22.9977|pmid=7479812|pmc=40721|bibcode=1995PNAS...92.9977B|doi-access=free}} * Steven Bird, Ewan Klein, and Edward Loper (2009). ''Natural Language Processing with Python''. O'Reilly Media. {{ISBN|978-0-596-51649-9}}. * [[Kenna Hughes-Castleberry]], "A Murder Mystery Puzzle: The literary puzzle ''[[Cain's Jawbone]]'', which has stumped humans for decades, reveals the limitations of natural-language-processing algorithms", ''[[Scientific American]]'', vol. 329, no. 4 (November 2023), pp. 81–82. "This murder mystery competition has revealed that although NLP ([[natural-language processing]]) models are capable of incredible feats, their abilities are very much limited by the amount of [[context (linguistics)|context]] they receive. This [...] could cause [difficulties] for researchers who hope to use them to do things such as analyze [[ancient language]]s. In some cases, there are few historical records on long-gone [[civilization]]s to serve as [[training data]] for such a purpose." (p. 82.) * Daniel Jurafsky and James H. Martin (2008). ''Speech and Language Processing'', 2nd edition. Pearson Prentice Hall. {{ISBN|978-0-13-187321-6}}. * Mohamed Zakaria Kurdi (2016). ''Natural Language Processing and Computational Linguistics: speech, morphology, and syntax'', Volume 1. ISTE-Wiley. {{ISBN|978-1848218482}}. * Mohamed Zakaria Kurdi (2017). ''Natural Language Processing and Computational Linguistics: semantics, discourse, and applications'', Volume 2. ISTE-Wiley. {{ISBN| 978-1848219212}}. * Christopher D. Manning, Prabhakar Raghavan, and Hinrich Schütze (2008). ''Introduction to Information Retrieval''. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-86571-5}}. [http://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/ Official html and pdf versions available without charge.] * Christopher D. Manning and Hinrich Schütze (1999). ''Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing''. The MIT Press. {{ISBN|978-0-262-13360-9}}. * David M. W. Powers and Christopher C. R. Turk (1989). ''Machine Learning of Natural Language''. Springer-Verlag. {{ISBN|978-0-387-19557-5}}. {{Refend}}
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