Editing Optical coherence tomography (section)

=== Research applications ===
Researchers have used OCT to produce detailed images of mice brains, through a "window" made of zirconia that has been modified to be transparent and implanted in the skull.<ref name=Nanomedicine201308>{{cite journal | vauthors = Damestani Y, Reynolds CL, Szu J, Hsu MS, Kodera Y, Binder DK, Park BH, Garay JE, Rao MP, Aguilar G | display-authors = 6 | title = Transparent nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized-zirconia calvarium prosthesis | journal = Nanomedicine | volume = 9 | issue = 8 | pages = 1135–1138 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 23969102 | doi = 10.1016/j.nano.2013.08.002 | s2cid = 14212180 | url = https://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/0th8v0p9 }}</ref><ref name="Mohan 2013">{{cite web | vauthors = Mohan G | title=A window to the brain? It's here, says UC Riverside team | website=Los Angeles Times | date=September 4, 2013 | url=https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-window-brain-20130903-story.html}}</ref> Optical coherence tomography is also applicable and increasingly used in [[industrial engineering|industrial applications]], such as [[nondestructive testing]] (NDT), material thickness measurements,<ref>{{cite patent |country=US |number=7116429 |status=patent |title=Determining thickness of slabs of materials |gdate=2006-10-03 |fdate=2003-01-18 |pridate=2003-01-18 | inventor = Walecki WJ, Van P  }}.</ref> and in particular thin silicon wafers<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Walecki WJ, Szondy F | veditors = Novak EL, Wolfgang O, Gorecki C |title=Integrated quantum efficiency, reflectance, topography and stress metrology for solar cell manufacturing |journal=Proc. SPIE |volume=7064 |page=70640A |date=2008 |doi=10.1117/12.797541 |series=Interferometry XIV: Applications |bibcode=2008SPIE.7064E..0AW |s2cid=120257179 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Walecki WJ, Lai K, Pravdivtsev A, Souchkov V, Van P, Azfar T, Wong T, Lau SH, Koo A | veditors = Tanner DM, Ramesham R |title=Low-coherence interferometric absolute distance gauge for study of MEMS structures |journal=Proc. SPIE |volume=5716 |page=182 |date=2005 |doi=10.1117/12.590013 |series=Reliability, Packaging, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS IV |bibcode=2005SPIE.5716..182W |s2cid=110785119 }}</ref> and compound semiconductor wafers thickness measurements<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Walecki WJ, Lai K, Souchkov V, Van P, Lau SH, Koo A |date=2005 |title=Novel noncontact thickness metrology for backend manufacturing of wide bandgap light emitting devices |journal=Physica Status Solidi C |volume=2 |issue=3 |pages=984–989 |doi=10.1002/pssc.200460606 |bibcode=2005PSSCR...2..984W }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Walecki W, Wei F, Van P, Lai K, Lee T, Lau SH, Koo A | veditors = Tanner DM, Rajeshuni R |title=Novel low coherence metrology for nondestructive characterization of high-aspect-ratio microfabricated and micromachined structures |journal=Proc. SPIE |volume=5343 |page=55 |date=2004 |doi=10.1117/12.530749|series=Reliability, Testing, and Characterization of MEMS/MOEMS III |s2cid=123249666 }}</ref> surface roughness characterization, surface and cross-section imaging<ref>{{cite report | vauthors = Guss G, Bass I, Hackel R, Demos SG |title= High-resolution 3-D imaging of surface damage sites in fused silica with Optical Coherence Tomography |publisher= [[Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory]] |id= UCRL-PROC-236270 |date= November 6, 2007 |url= https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/354371.pdf |access-date= December 14, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170211222735/https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/354371.pdf |archive-date= February 11, 2017 |url-status= dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite conference | vauthors = Walecki W, Wei F, Van P, Lai K, Lee T, Lau SH, Koo A |url=http://www.gaas.org/Digests/2004/2004Papers/8.2.pdf |title=Interferometric Metrology for Thin and Ultra-Thin Compound Semiconductor Structures Mounted on Insulating Carriers |conference=CS Mantech Conference |date=2004 }}</ref> and volume loss measurements.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Zvagelsky |first1=Roman |last2=Mayer |first2=Frederik |last3=Beutel |first3=Dominik |last4=Rockstuhl |first4=Carsten |last5=Gomard |first5=Guillaume |last6=Wegener |first6=Martin |date=2022-12-12 |title=Towards in-situ diagnostics of multi-photon 3D laser printing using optical coherence tomography |url=https://www.light-am.com/en/article/doi/10.37188/lam.2022.039 |journal=Light: Advanced Manufacturing |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=466–480 |doi=10.37188/lam.2022.039 |issn=2689-9620|url-access=subscription }}</ref> OCT systems with feedback can be used to control manufacturing processes. With high speed data acquisition,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Walecki WJ, Pravdivtsev A, Santos II M, Koo A |title=High-speed high-accuracy fiber optic low-coherence interferometry for in situ grinding and etching process monitoring |journal=Proc. SPIE |volume=6293 |page=62930D |date=August 2006 |doi=10.1117/12.675592 |series=Interferometry XIII: Applications |bibcode=2006SPIE.6293E..0DW |s2cid=121209439 }}</ref> and sub-micron resolution, OCT is adaptable to perform both inline and off-line.<ref>See, for example: {{cite web |url=http://www.zebraoptical.com/InterferometricProbe.html |title=ZebraOptical Optoprofiler: Interferometric Probe }}</ref> Due to the high volume of produced pills, an interesting field of application is in the pharmaceutical industry to control the coating of tablets.<ref>{{cite patent |country=EP |number=2799842 |status=application |title=A device and a method for monitoring a property of a coating of a solid dosage form during a coating process forming the coating of the solid dosage form |pubdate=2014-11-05 |gdate= |fdate=2014-04-29 |pridate=2013-04-30 |invent1=Markl, Daniel |invent2=Hannesschläger, Günther |invent3=Leitner, Michael |invent4=Stephan Sacher, Daniel Koller, Johannes Khinast}}; {{cite patent |country=GB |number=2513581 |status=application }}; {{cite patent |country=US |number=20140322429 A1 |status=application |url=https://www.google.com/patents/US20140322429 }}.</ref> Fiber-based OCT systems are particularly adaptable to industrial environments.<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Walecki WJ, Szondy F, Wang A |veditors=Xiao H, Fan S |url=http://lib.semi.ac.cn:8080/tsh/dzzy/wsqk/SPIE/vol7322/73220K.pdf |title=Fiber optics low-coherence IR interferometry for defense sensors manufacturing |journal=Proc. SPIE |volume=7322 |page=73220K |date=30 April 2009 |doi=10.1117/12.818381 |series=Photonic Microdevices/Microstructures for Sensing |bibcode=2009SPIE.7322E..0KW |s2cid=120168355 |access-date=25 May 2011 |archive-date=20 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820004435/http://lib.semi.ac.cn:8080/tsh/dzzy/wsqk/SPIE/vol7322/73220K.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> These can access and scan interiors of hard-to-reach spaces,<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Dufour M, Lamouche G, Gauthier B, Padioleau C, Monchalin JP |title=Inspection of hard-to-reach industrial parts using small diameter probes |journal=SPIE Newsroom |date=13 December 2006 |url=http://spie.org/documents/newsroom/imported/467/2006100467.pdf |doi=10.1117/2.1200610.0467 |s2cid=120476700 |access-date=December 15, 2010}}</ref> and are able to operate in hostile environments—whether radioactive, cryogenic, or very hot.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Dufour ML, Lamouche G, Detalle V, Gauthier B, Sammut P | title = Low-Coherence Interferometry, an Advanced Technique for Optical Metrology in Industry |url = http://www.ndt.net/abstract/wcndt2004/671.htm| doi = 10.1784/insi.47.4.216.63149 | journal = [[Insight: Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring]] | issn = 1354-2575| volume = 47 | issue = 4 | pages = 216–219 |date=April 2005 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.159.5249 | s2cid = 15657288 }}</ref> Novel optical biomedical diagnostic and imaging technologies are currently being developed to solve problems in biology and medicine.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1117/2.3201406.03 |title=Developing new optical imaging techniques for clinical use |journal=SPIE Newsroom |date=11 June 2014 | vauthors = Boppart S |url=http://www.spie.org/newsroom/boppart-video |url-access=subscription }}</ref> As of 2014, attempts have been made to use optical coherence tomography to identify root canals in teeth, specifically canal in the maxillary molar, however, there is no difference with the current methods of dental operatory microscope.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Azri K, Melita LN, Strange AP, Festy F, Al-Jawad M, Cook R, Parekh S, Bozec L | display-authors = 6 | title = Optical coherence tomography use in the diagnosis of enamel defects | journal = Journal of Biomedical Optics | volume = 21 | issue = 3 | pages = 36004 | date = March 2016 | pmid = 26968386 | doi = 10.1117/1.jbo.21.3.036004 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2016JBO....21c6004A }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Iino Y, Ebihara A, Yoshioka T, Kawamura J, Watanabe S, Hanada T, Nakano K, Sumi Y, Suda H | display-authors = 6 | title = Detection of a second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary molars by swept-source optical coherence tomography | journal = Journal of Endodontics | volume = 40 | issue = 11 | pages = 1865–1868 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 25266471 | doi = 10.1016/j.joen.2014.07.012 }}</ref>{{primary source inline|reason=Investigational study in which the authors collected the imaging data. |date=October 2016}} Research conducted in 2015 was successful in utilizing a smartphone as an OCT platform, although much work remains to be done before such a platform would be commercially viable.<ref>{{Cite journal | vauthors = Subhash HM, Hogan JN, Leahy MJ |date=May 2015 |title=Multiple-reference optical coherence tomography for smartphone applications |journal=SPIE Newsroom |url=http://spie.org/x113407.xml |doi=10.1117/2.1201503.005807 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> [[Photonic integrated circuits]] may be a promising option to miniaturized OCT. Similarly to [[integrated circuits]] silicon-based fabrication techniques can be used to produce miniaturized photonic systems. First in vivo human retinal imaging has been reported recently.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rank EA, Sentosa R, Harper DJ, Salas M, Gaugutz A, Seyringer D, Nevlacsil S, Maese-Novo A, Eggeling M, Muellner P, Hainberger R, Sagmeister M, Kraft J, Leitgeb RA, Drexler W | display-authors = 6 | title = Toward optical coherence tomography on a chip: in vivo three-dimensional human retinal imaging using photonic integrated circuit-based arrayed waveguide gratings | journal = Light: Science & Applications | volume = 10 | issue = 1 | pages = 6 | date = January 2021 | pmid = 33402664 | pmc = 7785745 | doi = 10.1038/s41377-020-00450-0 | bibcode = 2021LSA....10....6R }}</ref> In [[3D microfabrication]], OCT enables non-destructive testing and real-time inspection during additive manufacturing. Its high-resolution imaging detects defects, characterizes material properties and ensures the integrity of internal geometries without damaging the part.<ref name=":2" />