Editing Pathophysiology (section)

===Obesity===

The [[pathophysiology of obesity]] involves many possible pathophysiological mechanisms involved in its development and maintenance.<ref name="flier">{{cite journal | author = Flier JS | title = Obesity wars: Molecular progress confronts an expanding epidemic | journal = Cell | volume = 116 | issue = 2 | pages = 337–50 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14744442 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(03)01081-X | type = Review | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="murri">{{cite journal
 |last1=Rodriguez-Muñoz
 |first1=A.
 |last2=Motahari-Rad
 |first2=H.
 |last3=Martin-Chaves
 |first3=L.
 |last4=Benitez-Porres
 |first4=J.
 |last5=Rodriguez-Capitan
 |first5=J.
 |last6=Gonzalez-Jimenez
 |first6=A.
 |last7=Insenser
 |first7=M.
 |last8=Tinahones
 |first8=F.J.
 |last9=Murri
 |first9=M.
 |title=A Systematic Review of Proteomics in Obesity: Unpacking the Molecular Puzzle
 |journal=Current Obesity Reports
 |date=2024
 |volume=13
 |issue=3
 |pages=403–438
 |pmid = 38703299
 |doi=10.1007/s13679-024-00561-4
 |doi-access=free
 |pmc=11306592
 }}</ref>

This field of research had been almost unapproached until the [[leptin]] gene was discovered in 1994 by J. M. Friedman's laboratory.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zhang|first1=Y|last2=Proenca|first2=R|last3=Maffei|first3=M|last4=Barone|first4=M|last5=Leopold|first5=L|last6=Friedman|first6=JM|title=Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue.|journal=Nature|date=Dec 1, 1994|volume=372|issue=6505|pages=425–32|doi=10.1038/372425a0|pmid=7984236|bibcode=1994Natur.372..425Z|s2cid=4359725|type=Research Support}}</ref> These investigators postulated that leptin was a satiety factor. In the ob/ob mouse, mutations in the [[leptin]] gene resulted in the obese phenotype opening the possibility of leptin therapy for human obesity. However, soon thereafter [[Jose F. Caro|J. F. Caro's]] laboratory could not detect any mutations in the leptin gene in humans with obesity. On the contrary [[Leptin]] expression was increased proposing the possibility of Leptin-resistance in human obesity.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Considine|first1=RV|last2=Considine|first2=EL|last3=Williams|first3=CJ|last4=Nyce|first4=MR|last5=Magosin|first5=SA|last6=Bauer|first6=TL|last7=Rosato|first7=EL|last8=Colberg|first8=J|last9=Caro|first9=JF <!--exactly 9 authors--> |title=Evidence against either a premature stop codon or the absence of obese gene mRNA in human obesity.|journal=The Journal of Clinical Investigation|date=Jun 1995|volume=95|issue=6|pages=2986–8|pmid=7769141|doi=10.1172/jci118007|pmc=295988|type=Research Support}}</ref>