Editing Polygraph (section)

===Portrayals in media===
Lie detection has a long history in mythology and fairy tales; the polygraph has allowed modern fiction to use a device more easily seen as scientific and plausible. Notable instances of polygraph usage include uses in crime and espionage themed television shows and some [[daytime television]] talk shows, cartoons and films. Numerous TV shows have been called ''Lie Detector'' or featured the device. The first ''Lie Detector'' TV show aired in the 1950s, created and hosted by [[Ralph Andrews]]. In the 1960s Andrews produced a series of specials hosted by [[Melvin Belli]]. In the 1970s the show was hosted by Jack Anderson. In early 1983 [[Columbia Pictures Television]] put on a syndicated series hosted by [[F. Lee Bailey]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.impac-systems.com/world/americas/ct.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081024193643/http://www.impac-systems.com/world/americas/ct.asp|url-status=dead|title=IMPAC: F. Lee Bailey bio|archivedate=October 24, 2008}}</ref> In 1998 TV producer Mark Phillips with his Mark Phillips Philms & Telephision put ''Lie Detector'' back on the air on the FOX Network—on that program Ed Gelb with host [[Marcia Clark]] questioned [[Mark Fuhrman]] about the allegation that he "planted [[O. J. Simpson murder case|the bloody glove]]". In 2005 Phillips produced ''[[Lie Detector (TV series)|Lie Detector]]'' as a series for PAX/ION; some of the guests included [[Paula Jones]], Reverend [[Paul Crouch]] accuser Lonny Ford, Ben Rowling, [[Jeff Gannon]] and [[Swift Vets and POWs for Truth|Swift Boat Vet]], Steve Garner.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Kr3xmUi61goC&dq=Lie+Detector+F.+Lee+Bailey&pg=PA151|title=Lie Detectors: A Social History|first=Kerry|last=Segrave|date=November 18, 2014|publisher=McFarland|isbn=9780786481613 |via=Google Books}}</ref>

In the UK, shows such as ''[[The Jeremy Kyle Show]]'' used polygraph tests extensively. The show was ultimately canceled when a participant committed suicide shortly after being polygraphed. The guest was slated by Kyle on the show for failing the polygraph, but no other evidence has come forward to prove any guilt. Producers later admitted in the inquiry that they were unsure on how accurate the tests performed were.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/jeremy-kyle-show-cancelled-itv-lie-detector-accuracy-producer-tom-mclennan-a8973756.html|title=Jeremy Kyle producer unable to say how accurate lie detector tests were|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|author=Barr, Sabrina|language=en|url-status=live|date=June 25, 2019|access-date=December 15, 2022|archivedate=June 26, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626061810/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/jeremy-kyle-show-cancelled-itv-lie-detector-accuracy-producer-tom-mclennan-a8973756.html}}</ref>

In the Fox game show ''[[The Moment of Truth (US game show)|The Moment of Truth]]'', contestants are privately asked personal questions a few days before the show while hooked to a polygraph. On the show they asked the same questions in front of a studio audience and members of their family. In order to advance in the game they must give a "truthful" answer as determined by the previous polygraph exam.<ref name="TVWeek">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.tvweek.com/news/2007/11/darnell_in_defense_of_the_trut.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221113425/http://www.tvweek.com/news/2007/11/darnell_in_defense_of_the_trut.php|archive-date=2008-02-21|title=Darnell in Defense of the 'Truth': Fox Executive Talks About the Network's Controversial Lie Detector Show|magazine=TV Week|author=James Hibberd|date=2007-11-25|access-date=2008-03-11}}</ref>

Daytime talk shows, such as [[Maury Povich]] and [[Steve Wilkos]], have used polygraphs to supposedly detect deception in interview subjects on their programs that pertain to [[Cheating (sex)|cheating]], [[child abuse]], and [[theft]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.popmatters.com/post/176031-thetruth-about-maury/|title=The Tested Truth About 'Maury Povich'|last=O'Dell|first=Cary|date=November 12, 2013|work=Pop Matters|access-date=9 December 2014}}</ref>

In episode 93 of the US science show ''[[MythBusters]]'', the hosts attempted to fool the polygraph by using pain when answering truthfully, in order to test the notion that polygraphs interpret truthful and non-truthful answers as the same. They also attempted to fool the polygraph by thinking pleasant thoughts when lying and thinking stressful thoughts when telling the truth, to try to confuse the machine. However, neither technique was successful for a number of reasons. Michael Martin correctly identified each guilty and innocent subject. Martin suggested that when conducted properly, polygraphs are correct 98% of the time, but no scientific evidence has been offered for this.<ref>For critical commentary on this episode, see {{cite web | last=Maschke|first=George|title=Mythbusters Beat the Lie Detector Episode featuring Michael Martin|publisher=AntiPolygraph.org|date=December 7, 2007|url=https://antipolygraph.org/cgi-bin/forums/YaBB.pl?num=1197009999}}</ref>

The history of the polygraph is the subject of the [[documentary film]] ''The Lie Detector'', which first aired on ''[[American Experience]]'' on January 3, 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kpbs.org/news/2022/12/20/american-experience-the-lie-detector|author=Robinson, Jennifer|title=American Experience: The Lie Detector|publisher=[[KPBS (TV)|KPBS]]|language=en-US|url-status=live|date=December 20, 2022|access-date=January 4, 2023|archivedate=January 2, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102080908/https://www.kpbs.org/news/2022/12/20/american-experience-the-lie-detector}}</ref>