Editing Reptile (section)

===Sound production===
Compared with frogs, birds, and mammals, reptiles are less vocal. Sound production is usually limited to [[wikt:hiss|hissing]], which is produced merely by forcing air though a partly closed [[glottis]] and is not considered to be a true vocalization. The ability to vocalize exists in crocodilians, some lizards and turtles; and typically involves vibrating fold-like structures in the [[larynx]] or glottis. Some [[gecko]]s and turtles possess true [[vocal cord]]s, which have [[elastin]]-rich connective tissue.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Russell, Anthony P. |author2=Bauer, Aaron M. |year=2020 |title=Vocalization by extant nonavian reptiles: A synthetic overview of phonation and the vocal apparatus |journal=The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology |volume=304 |issue=7 |pages=1478–1528 |doi=10.1002/ar.24553 |pmid=33099849 |s2cid=225069598|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author1=Capshaw, Grace |author2=Willis, Katie L. |author3=Han, Dawei |author4=Bierman, Hilary S. |year=2020 |section=Reptile sound production and perception |pages=101–118 |editor1=Rosenfeld, Cheryl S. |editor2=Hoffmann, Frauke |title=Neuroendocrine Regulation of Animal Vocalization |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0128151600}}</ref>

====Hearing in snakes====
Hearing in humans relies on 3&nbsp;parts of the ear; the outer ear that directs sound waves into the ear canal, the middle ear that transmits incoming sound waves to the inner ear, and the inner ear that helps in hearing and keeping their balance. Unlike humans and other mammals, snakes do not possess an outer ear, a middle ear, and a [[Tympanum (anatomy)|tympanum]] but have an inner ear structure with [[cochlea]]s directly connected to their jawbone.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Christensen |first1=Christian Bech |last2=Christensen-Dalsgaard |first2=Jakob |last3=Brandt |first3=Christian |last4=Madsen |first4=Peter Teglberg |date=2012-01-15 |title=Hearing with an atympanic ear: Good vibration and poor sound-pressure detection in the royal python,''Python regius'' |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=215 |issue=2 |pages=331–342 |doi=10.1242/jeb.062539 |pmid=22189777 |s2cid=11909208 |issn=1477-9145|doi-access=free |bibcode=2012JExpB.215..331C }}</ref> They are able to feel the vibrations generated from the sound waves in their jaw as they move on the ground. This is done by the use of [[mechanoreceptor]]s, sensory nerves that run along the body of snakes directing the vibrations along the spinal nerves to the brain. Snakes have a sensitive auditory perception and can tell which direction sound being made is coming from so that they can sense the presence of prey or predator but it is still unclear how sensitive snakes are to sound waves traveling through the air.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=YOUNG |first=BRUCE A. |title=A Review of Sound Production and Hearing in Snakes, with a Discussion of Intraspecific Acoustic Communication in Snakes |date=1997 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44149431 |journal=Journal of the Pennsylvania Academy of Science |volume=71 |issue=1 |pages=39–46 |jstor=44149431 |issn=1044-6753}}</ref>