Editing Reverse Polish notation (section)

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="Hamblin_1957_1">{{cite book |title=An Addressless Coding Scheme based on Mathematical Notation |author-first=Charles Leonard |author-last=Hamblin |author-link=Charles Leonard Hamblin |publisher=[[New South Wales University of Technology]] |date=May 1957 |type=Typescript}}</ref>
<ref name="Hamblin_1957_2">{{cite journal |title=An addressless coding scheme based on mathematical notation |author-first=Charles Leonard |author-last=Hamblin |author-link=Charles Leonard Hamblin |date=June 1957 |journal=Proceedings of the First Australian Conference on Computing and Data Processing |location=Salisbury, South Australia |publisher=[[Weapons Research Establishment]]}}</ref>
<ref name="Hamblin_1957_3">{{cite journal |title=Computer Languages |author-first=Charles Leonard |author-last=Hamblin |author-link=Charles Leonard Hamblin |date=1957 |journal=The Australian Journal of Science |number<!-- or volume? -->=20? |pages=135–139 |postscript=;}} {{cite journal |title=Computer Languages |author-first=Charles Leonard |author-last=Hamblin |author-link=Charles Leonard Hamblin |date=November 1985 |journal=The Australian Computer Journal |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=195–198 |type=Reprint}}</ref>
<ref name="Hamblin_1958">{{cite book |author-first=Charles Leonard |author-last=Hamblin |author-link=Charles Leonard Hamblin |title=GEORGE IA and II: A semi-translation programming scheme for DEUCE: Programming and Operation Manual |publisher=School of Humanities, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales |date=1958 |url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~dgreen/deuce/GEORGEProgrammingManual.pdf |access-date=2020-07-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200404093021/http://members.iinet.net.au/~dgreen/deuce/GEORGEProgrammingManual.pdf |archive-date=2020-04-04}}</ref>
<ref name="Beard_1997">{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Resurrection (magazine)|Resurrection]] - The Bulletin of the Computer Conservation Society |issn=0958-7403 |publisher=[[Computer Conservation Society]] (CCS) |number=18 |date=Autumn 1997 |orig-date=1996-10-01 |title=The KDF9 Computer — 30 Years On |author-first=Bob |author-last=Beard |pages=7–15 |url=http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/Archive/Resurrection/pdf/res18.pdf |access-date=2020-07-27 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727140754/http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/Archive/Resurrection/pdf/res18.pdf |archive-date=2020-07-27 |quote-page=8 |quote=[…] The [[KDF9]] is remarkable because it is the believed to be the first zero-address instruction format computer to have been announced (in 1960). It was first delivered at about the same time (early 1963) as the other famous zero-address computer, the [[Burroughs B5000]] in America. Like many modern pocket calculators, a zero-address machine allows the use of Reverse Polish arithmetic; this offers certain advantages to compiler writers. It is believed that the attention of the English Electric team was first drawn to the zero-address concept through contact with [[GEORGE (autocode system)|George]] (General Order Generator), an autocode programming system written for a [[English Electric DEUCE|Deuce]] computer by the [[University of Sydney]], Australia, in the latter half of the 1950s. George used Reversed Polish, and the KDF9 team were attracted to this convention for the pragmatic reason of wishing to enhance performance by minimising accesses to main store. This may be contrasted with the more "theoretical" line taken independently by [[Burroughs Corporation|Burroughs]]. Besides a hardware [[nesting store]] or stack - the basic mechanism of a zero-address computer - the KDF9 had other groups of central registers for improving performance which gave it an interesting internal structure. […]}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20200427075718/http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/CCS/res/res18.htm#c] (NB. This is an edited version of a talk given to North West Group of the Society at the Museum of Science and Industry, Manchester, UK on 1996-10-01.)</ref>
<ref name="Łukasiewicz_1929">{{cite book |title=Elementy logiki matematycznej |language=pl |author-last=Łukasiewicz |author-first=Jan |author-link=Jan Łukasiewicz |location=Warsaw, Poland |edition=1 |publisher=[[Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe]] |date=February 1929 |postscript=none}}; {{cite book |title=Elements of mathematical logic |author-last=Łukasiewicz |author-first=Jan |author-link=Jan Łukasiewicz |translator-first=Olgierd Adrian |translator-last=Wojtasiewicz |translator-link=:pl:Olgierd Adrian Wojtasiewicz |date=1963 |publication-place=New York, USA |publisher=[[The MacMillan Company]] |page=24}}</ref>
<ref name="Łukasiewicz_1951">{{cite book |title=Aristotle's Syllogistic from the Standpoint of Modern Formal Logic |author-last=Łukasiewicz |author-first=Jan |author-link=Jan Łukasiewicz |date=1951 |edition=1 |chapter=Chapter IV. Aristotle's System in Symbolic Form (section on "Explanation of the Symbolism") |page=78}}</ref>
<ref name="Łukasiewicz_1957">{{cite book |title=Aristotle's Syllogistic from the Standpoint of Modern Formal Logic |author-last=Łukasiewicz |author-first=Jan |author-link=Jan Łukasiewicz |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=1957 |edition=2}} (Reprinted by Garland Publishing in 1987 {{isbn|0-8240-6924-2}}.)</ref>
<ref name="Kennedy_1982">{{cite journal |title=RPN Perspective |author-first=John |author-last=Kennedy |location=Mathematics Department, Santa Monica College, Santa Monica, California, USA |journal=[[PPC Calculator Journal]] |volume=9 |number=5 |date=August 1982 |pages=26–29 |citeseerx=10.1.1.90.6448 |url=http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.90.6448&rep=rep1&type=pdf |access-date=2022-07-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701223543/http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.90.6448&rep=rep1&type=pdf |archive-date=2022-07-01}} (12 pages)</ref>
<ref name="Ball_1978">{{cite book |title=Algorithms for RPN calculators |url=https://archive.org/details/algorithmsforrpn0000ball |url-access=registration |author-first=John A. |author-last=Ball |date=1978 |edition=1 |publisher=[[Wiley-Interscience]], [[John Wiley & Sons, Inc.]] |location=Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA |isbn=0-471-03070-8 |lccn=77-14977 |quote-page=2 |quote=[…] In their advertisements and also in a letter to me, [[Hewlett-Packard]] Company (HP), the best known manufacturer of RPN calculators, says that RPN is based on a suggestion by [[Jan Łukasiewicz]] (1878–1956), and that RPN was invented and is patented by HP. Aside from the apparent contradiction in these two statements, I do not think that either of them is quite true. My first experience with RPN involved a nice old [[Friden EC-130]] desktop electronic calculator, circa 1964. The EC-130 has RPN with a push-down stack of four registers, all visible simultaneously on a cathode ray tube display. Furthermore, they are shown upside down, that is, the last-in-first-out register is at the bottom. […] Around 1966, the [[Monroe Epic]] calculator offered RPN with a stack of four, a printer, and either 14 or 42 step programmability. The instruction booklets with these two calculators make no mention of RPN or [[Jan Łukasiewicz]]. […]}}</ref>
<ref name="Peterson_2011">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703841904576257440326458056 |url-access=subscription |title=Wall Street's Cult Calculator Turns 30 |author-first=Kristina |author-last=Peterson |date=2011-05-04 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=6 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316030830/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703841904576257440326458056 |archive-date=2015-03-16}}</ref>
<ref name="Agate_1980">{{cite journal |title=Electronic calculators: which notation is the better? |journal=[[Applied Ergonomics]] |issn=0003-6870 |eissn=1872-9126 |volume=11 |issue=1 |date=March 1980 |pages=2–6 |author-first1=Seb J. |author-last1=Agate |author-first2=Colin G. |author-last2=Drury |location=Department of Industrial Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, USA |doi=10.1016/0003-6870(80)90114-3 |pmid=15676368 |id=0003-6870/80/01 0002-05 |publisher=[[IPC Business Press]] |url=https://www.keesvandersanden.nl/calculators/downloads/Electronic-calculators-which-notation-is-the-better.pdf |access-date=2018-09-22 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923063402/https://www.keesvandersanden.nl/calculators/downloads/Electronic-calculators-which-notation-is-the-better.pdf |archive-date=2023-09-23 |quote-page=6 |quote=In terms of practical choice between calculators, it would appear that RPN is faster and more accurate overall but particularly for more complex problems.}} (5 pages)</ref>
<ref name="Galler-Rosin_1985">{{cite web |title=Oral History: Burroughs B5000 Conference |editor-first1=Bernard A. |editor-last1=Galler |editor-first2=Robert F. |editor-last2=Rosin |date=1985-09-06 |id=OH 98 |publisher=[[AFIPS]] / [[Burroughs Corporation]] |location=[[Marina del Rey, California]], USA, archived by the [[Charles Babbage Institute]], University of Minnesota, Minneapolis |url=https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/107105/oh098b5c.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y<!--http://purl.umn.edu/107105--> |hdl=11299/107105 |access-date=2023-09-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923064139/https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/107105/oh098b5c.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y |archive-date=2023-09-23}}</ref>
<ref name="Ragen_2012">{{cite web |title=1928–2012 Obituary Condolences Robert (Bob) Ragen |website=[[Legacy.com]] |date=2012-07-23 |url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/insidebayarea/obituary.aspx?n=robert-ragen-bob&pid=158717663 |access-date=2016-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218233505/http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/name/robert-ragen-obituary?pid=1000000158717663 |archive-date=2017-12-18 |quote=[…] Bob holds over 80 patents awarded during his work as Director of RD for [[Friden, Inc.|Friden]], and [[Singer Corporation|Singer]] and as Senior Project Engineer at [[Xerox]]. He retired from Xerox RD in 1990. He is responsible for the development of the first commercial electronic calculator, the [[Friden EC-130|Friden 130]], which has been displayed at the [[Smithsonian]]. […]}}</ref>
<ref name="Osborne_1994">{{cite web |title=Tom Osborne's Story in His Own Words |author-first=Thomas E. |author-last=Osborne |author-link=Tom Osborne (engineer) |orig-date=1994 |date=2010 |publisher=Steve Leibson |url=http://www.hp9825.com/html/osborne_s_story.html |access-date=2016-01-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404222610/http://www.hp9825.com/html/osborne_s_story.html |archive-date=2022-04-04 |quote=[…] I changed the architecture to use RPN (Reverse Polish Notation), which is the ideal notation for programming environment in which coding efficiency is critical. In the beginning, that change was not well received... […]}}</ref>
<ref name="Monnier_1968">{{cite journal |author-first=Richard E. |author-last=Monnier |title=A New Electronic Calculator with Computerlike Capabilities |journal=[[Hewlett-Packard Journal]] |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard]] |location=Palo Alto, California, USA |date=September 1968 |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=3–9 |url=http://www.hparchive.com/Journals/HPJ-1968-09.pdf |access-date=2016-01-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020175450/http://www.hparchive.com/Journals/HPJ-1968-09.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-20}}</ref>
<ref name="Laporte_2014">{{cite web |title=The slide rule killer: a milestone in computer history |author-first=Jacques |author-last=Laporte<!-- |orig-date=? --> |date=2014-05-22 |url=http://www.jacques-laporte.org/HP%2035%20Saga.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150211194800/http://jacques-laporte.org/HP%2035%20Saga.htm |archive-date=2015-02-11 |access-date=2016-01-01}}</ref>
<ref name="HP42_OM">{{cite book |title=HP-42S RPN Scientific Calculator – Owner's Manual |date=June 1988 |edition=1 |id=00042-90001 |location=Corvallis, Oregon, USA |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard Co.]] |page=3 |url=http://www.hp41.net/forum/fileshp41net/manuel-hp42s-us.pdf |access-date=2017-09-17 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917215457/http://www.hp41.net/forum/fileshp41net/manuel-hp42s-us.pdf |archive-date=2017-09-17}}</ref>
<ref name="HP35_UM">{{cite book |title=HP35 User's Manual |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard]] |page=i |quote-page=i |quote=[…] The operational stack and reverse Polish (Łukasiewicz) notation used in the HP-35 are the most efficient way known to computer science for evaluating mathematical expressions. […]}}</ref>
<ref name="Shirriff_2013">{{cite web |title=Reversing Sinclair's amazing 1974 calculator hack – half the ROM of the HP-35 |author-last=Shirriff |author-first=Ken |url=http://files.righto.com/calculator/sinclair_scientific_simulator.html |access-date=2013-12-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220826223841/http://files.righto.com/calculator/sinclair_scientific_simulator.html |archive-date=2022-08-26}}</ref>
<ref name="Sharwood_2013">{{cite web |title=Google chap reverse engineers Sinclair Scientific Calculator |work=The Register |author-last=Sharwood |author-first=Simon |date=2013-09-02 |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/09/02/google_chap_reverse_engineers_sinclair_scientific_calculator/ |access-date=2013-12-09 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020172550/https://www.theregister.com/2013/09/02/google_chap_reverse_engineers_sinclair_scientific_calculator/ |archive-date=2022-10-20}}</ref>
<ref name="Adobe_1986_PLTC">{{cite book |title=PostScript Language Tutorial and Cookbook |author=Adobe Systems Incorporated |author-link=Adobe Systems Incorporated |publisher=[[Addison Wesley Publishing Company]] |date=1986 |orig-date=1985 |isbn=0-201-10179-3 |id=9-780201-101799 |edition=27th printing, August 1998, 1st |contribution=Preface |contributor-first=Charles |contributor-last=Geschke |contributor-link=Charles Geschke |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/postscriptlangua00adobrich}} (NB. This book is informally called "blue book" due to its blue cover.)</ref>
<ref name="Adobe_PLRM3">{{cite book |title=PostScript Language Reference Manual |edition=1st printing, 3rd |date=February 1999 |orig-date=1985 |isbn=0-201-37922-8 |author=Adobe Systems Incorporated |author-link=Adobe Systems Incorporated |publisher=[[Addison-Wesley Publishing Company]] |url=https://www.adobe.com/products/postscript/pdfs/PLRM.pdf |access-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218093716/https://www.adobe.com/products/postscript/pdfs/PLRM.pdf |archive-date=2017-02-18}} (NB. This book is informally called "red book" due to its red cover.)</ref>
<ref name="Born_2001_WKS">{{cite book |title=Dateiformate – Eine Referenz – Tabellenkalkulation, Text, Grafik, Multimedia, Sound und Internet |language=de |trans-title=File formats – a reference – spreadsheets, text, graphics, multimedia, sound and internet |author-first=Günter |author-last=Born |author-link=:de:Günter Born |date=December 2000 |publisher=[[:de:Galileo Computing|Galileo Computing]] |chapter=Kapitel 1. LOTUS 1-2-3-Format (WKS/WK1) |trans-chapter=Chapter 1. Lotus 1-2-3 WKS/WK1 format |location=Bonn, Germany |isbn=3-934358-83-7 |url=http://www.aboutvb.de/bas/formate/pdf/wks.pdf |access-date=2016-11-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129191803/http://www.aboutvb.de/bas/formate/pdf/wks.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-29}}</ref>
<ref name="Born_2001_WK3">{{cite book |title=Dateiformate – Eine Referenz – Tabellenkalkulation, Text, Grafik, Multimedia, Sound und Internet |language=de |trans-title=File formats – a reference – spreadsheets, text, graphics, multimedia, sound and internet |author-first=Günter |author-last=Born |author-link=:de:Günter Born |date=December 2000 |publisher=[[:de:Galileo Computing|Galileo Computing]] |chapter=Kapitel 2. LOTUS 1-2-3-Format (WK3) |trans-chapter=Chapter 2. Lotus 1-2-3 WK3 format |location=Bonn, Germany |isbn=3-934358-83-7 |url=http://www.aboutvb.de/bas/formate/pdf/wk3.pdf |access-date=2016-11-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129183043/http://www.aboutvb.de/bas/formate/pdf/wk3.pdf |archive-date=2016-11-29}}</ref>
<ref name="Feichtinger_1987">{{cite book |author-first=Herwig |author-last=Feichtinger |title=Arbeitsbuch Mikrocomputer |language=de |location=Munich, Germany |publisher=[[Franzis-Verlag GmbH]] |isbn=3-7723-8022-0 |date=1987 |edition=2 |pages=427–428}} (NB. According to this book, a 4&nbsp;KB compiler was available from [[Lifeboat Software]] for [[CP/M]].)</ref>
<ref name="Wostrack_1989">{{cite book |title=RPNL. Eine FORTH ähnliche Sprache mit strukturunterstützenden Sprachkonstrukten |language=de |author-first=Gustav |author-last=Wostrack |publisher=Wolf-Detlef Luther, Gens |date=January 1989 |isbn=978-3-88707022-9}}</ref>
<ref name="Hamblin_1962">{{cite journal |author-first=Charles Leonard |author-last=Hamblin |author-link=Charles Leonard Hamblin |date=1962-11-01 |title=Translation to and from Polish notation |journal=[[Computer Journal]] |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=210–213 |doi=10.1093/comjnl/5.3.210 |doi-access=free |url=https://watermark.silverchair.com/5-3-210.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAsYwggLCBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKzMIICrwIBADCCAqgGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMqgrWehLt3Q-vndNgAgEQgIICeS9dAMLeq1AKBwrDN5TQY4gNgYDbjJ5TgZIWaINiDgof7kP40GMNOaOAJKG_fk3O3n0hphWohj0964P0lCTTGaBHL8qeej_r1vwugGCx8J0jiQbGpEMX0ujPrsUo_AKgFkE4sUk_9MWZ2gobDpNP1kZ-akNB0R_87g5zmCRSwFnUgjRC6t45kCf4zsq4xPTYkL1QCQNXdePk3WmarvEwgeCzvP8onePqPBlKtDZK5ZC6XUq6Q4T3IIikvJoEUwyxn7OW2s-_h3C6CKGxztBiTMy9au1PeH1aKV7t5V_LWhGqP9Xe2LzhZ2hTMA5iCcoMkbMWhZiOq65FOSajlzw3_1ivADCs5zMCzD_SXhKtDCQQuRFJmnXBGPzA89QcUcHhtdZlFkaA16p7dWv7SJ0Wkg0_mwxyGoL3jwZNQmtTiV2Uzv_aC2fmFpI6gPiDnBMwgpslWy8UHU4bhT7mTzbBPwGbHZcuIzN7bApBRAZbu6yWWuftwgDZiKU9XUciDucNnNiCWd8bhVW9i_g-rS6SEAHtfsQ9A-ghgTOCPXEN2f7dZT9HD9BSuhvKWPKoYeFYx67Xn1CbMDpKZnOb2qPgssbSZDoGhVVjTrirBakr8TKjEJMrDz53Sf5qRlPLOARYwbzTD48hk5YDJX4dPPoO3lJ2Uepe5-GlMmCv5rAyHwaA9DzxQ7_7fidTQU6EfqXGwgehQwBQsaU2T0zKOikANeFIZ2pEskKqffFftVgy345S0j_p7z60_39YZHEiX7wA-hssZq_BUaE8rDXWuU8y6MQ4DATET83QkyKa7e7rupJ6zZ-hOLLPmyN7GCfUovWBqOcjrR_a_GJozQ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020172114/https://watermark.silverchair.com/5-3-210.pdf?token=AQECAHi208BE49Ooan9kkhW_Ercy7Dm3ZL_9Cf3qfKAc485ysgAAAsYwggLCBgkqhkiG9w0BBwagggKzMIICrwIBADCCAqgGCSqGSIb3DQEHATAeBglghkgBZQMEAS4wEQQMqgrWehLt3Q-vndNgAgEQgIICeS9dAMLeq1AKBwrDN5TQY4gNgYDbjJ5TgZIWaINiDgof7kP40GMNOaOAJKG_fk3O3n0hphWohj0964P0lCTTGaBHL8qeej_r1vwugGCx8J0jiQbGpEMX0ujPrsUo_AKgFkE4sUk_9MWZ2gobDpNP1kZ-akNB0R_87g5zmCRSwFnUgjRC6t45kCf4zsq4xPTYkL1QCQNXdePk3WmarvEwgeCzvP8onePqPBlKtDZK5ZC6XUq6Q4T3IIikvJoEUwyxn7OW2s-_h3C6CKGxztBiTMy9au1PeH1aKV7t5V_LWhGqP9Xe2LzhZ2hTMA5iCcoMkbMWhZiOq65FOSajlzw3_1ivADCs5zMCzD_SXhKtDCQQuRFJmnXBGPzA89QcUcHhtdZlFkaA16p7dWv7SJ0Wkg0_mwxyGoL3jwZNQmtTiV2Uzv_aC2fmFpI6gPiDnBMwgpslWy8UHU4bhT7mTzbBPwGbHZcuIzN7bApBRAZbu6yWWuftwgDZiKU9XUciDucNnNiCWd8bhVW9i_g-rS6SEAHtfsQ9A-ghgTOCPXEN2f7dZT9HD9BSuhvKWPKoYeFYx67Xn1CbMDpKZnOb2qPgssbSZDoGhVVjTrirBakr8TKjEJMrDz53Sf5qRlPLOARYwbzTD48hk5YDJX4dPPoO3lJ2Uepe5-GlMmCv5rAyHwaA9DzxQ7_7fidTQU6EfqXGwgehQwBQsaU2T0zKOikANeFIZ2pEskKqffFftVgy345S0j_p7z60_39YZHEiX7wA-hssZq_BUaE8rDXWuU8y6MQ4DATET83QkyKa7e7rupJ6zZ-hOLLPmyN7GCfUovWBqOcjrR_a_GJozQ |archive-date=2022-10-20}} (4 pages)</ref>
<ref name="Burks_1954">{{cite journal |doi=10.2307/2001990 |jstor=2001990 |title=An Analysis of a Logical Machine Using Parenthesis-Free Notation |journal=Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation |volume=8 |issue=46 |pages=53–57 |date=1954 |author-last1=Burks |author-first1=Arthur Walter |author-link1=Arthur Walter Burks |author-last2=Warren |author-first2=Don W. |author-last3=Wright |author-first3=Jesse B.}}</ref>
<ref name="McBurney_2008_1">{{cite web |title=Charles L. Hamblin: Computer Pioneer |author-first=Peter |author-last=McBurney |date=2008-07-27 |url=http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~peter/this-month/this-month-3-030303.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207005233/http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~peter/this-month/this-month-3-030303.html |archive-date=2008-12-07 |quote=[…] [[Charles Leonard Hamblin|Hamblin]] soon became aware of the problems of (a) computing mathematical formulae containing brackets, and (b) the memory overhead in having dealing with memory stores each of which had its own name. One solution to the first problem was [[Jan Łukasiewicz]]'s Polish notation, which enables a writer of mathematical notation to instruct a reader the order in which to execute the operations (e.g. addition, multiplication, etc) without using brackets. Polish notation achieves this by having an operator (+, ×, etc) precede the operands to which it applies, e.g., +ab, instead of the usual, a+b. Hamblin, with his training in formal logic, knew of Lukasiewicz's work. […]}}</ref>
<ref name="McBurney_2008_2">{{cite web |title=Charles L. Hamblin and his work |date=2008-12-06 |author-first=Peter |author-last=McBurney |url=http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~peter/hamblin.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081206093044/http://www.csc.liv.ac.uk/~peter/hamblin.html |archive-date=2008-12-06}}</ref>
<ref name="Kasprzyk-Drury-Bialas_1979">{{cite journal |title=Human behaviour and performance in calculator use with Algebraic and Reverse Polish Notation |author-first1=Dennis Michael |author-last1=Kasprzyk |author-first2=Colin G. |author-last2=Drury |author-first3=Wayne F. |author-last3=Bialas |location=Department of Industrial Engineering, [[State University of New York at Buffalo]], Amherst, New York, USA |journal=[[Ergonomics (journal)|Ergonomics]] |issn=0014-0139 |eissn=1366-5847 |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |volume=22 |issue=9 |date=1979 |orig-date=1978-09-25 |doi=10.1080/00140137908924675 |s2cid=62692402 |pages=1011–1019}} (9 pages)</ref>
<ref name="Hoffman_1994">{{cite journal |title=Calculator logic: when and why is RPN superior to algebraic? |author-first1=Errol |author-last1=Hoffman |author-first2=Patrick |author-last2=Ma |author-first3=Jason |author-last3=See |author-first4=Chee Kee |author-last4=Yong |author-first5=Jason |author-last5=Brand |author-first6=Matthew |author-last6=Poulton |journal=[[Applied Ergonomics]] |issn=0003-6870 |eissn=1872-9126 |volume=25 |issue=5 |date=1994 |publisher=[[Elsevier Science Ltd.]] |doi=10.1016/0003-6870(94)90048-5 |pages=327–333}}</ref>
<ref name="NewApproach">{{cite conference |title=The Burroughs B 5000 Conference - OH 98 |editor-first1=Bernard A. |editor-last1=Galler |editor-first2=Robert F. |editor-last2=Rosin |date=1986 |orig-date=1985-09-06 |location=Marina Del Ray Hotel, Marina Del Ray, California, USA |publisher=Charles Babbage Institute, The Center for the History of Information Processing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA |url=http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/107105/1/oh098b5c.pdf |access-date=2013-02-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422070048/http://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/107105/1/oh098b5c.pdf |archive-date=2012-04-22}} A New Approach to the Design of a Digital Computer (1961)</ref>
<ref name="B5000_1985">{{cite web |title=The Burroughs B5000 Conference (1985) |date=17 June 2023 |page=49 |url=http://special.lib.umn.edu/cbi/oh/pdf.phtml?id=21}}</ref>
<ref name="Friden_EC-130">{{cite web |title=Friden EC-130 Electronic Calculator |date=2020-08-09 |website=www.oldcalculatormuseum.com |url=http://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/friden130.html |access-date=2018-03-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020175311/https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/friden130.html |archive-date=2022-10-20}}</ref>
<ref name="Friden_EC-132">{{cite web |title=Friden EC-132 Electronic Calculator |date=2022-07-15 |website=www.oldcalculatormuseum.com |url=http://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/friden132.html |access-date=2018-03-21 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020175254/https://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/friden132.html |archive-date=2022-10-20}}</ref>
<ref name="HP_Calc">{{cite web |title=HP Calculators |url=http://www8.hp.com/us/en/products/calculators/index.html}}</ref>
<ref name="HP_Evolves">{{cite journal |title=HP RPN Evolves |author-first=Richard J. |author-last=Nelson |journal=HP Solve |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.]] |date=April 2012 |number=27 |pages=42–45 |url=http://h20331.www2.hp.com/hpsub/downloads/S07%20HP%20RPN%20Evolves%20V5b.pdf |access-date=2022-10-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020173134/http://h20331.www2.hp.com/hpsub/downloads/S07%20HP%20RPN%20Evolves%20V5b.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-20}} [http://h20331.www2.hp.com/hpsub/downloads/HP_Calculator_eNL_04_April_2012%2520(2).pdf] (4 of 56 pages)</ref>
<ref name="RE_1972">{{cite magazine |title=A new standard!... The 7400 scientific & engineering calculator |type=Advertisement |magazine=[[Radio-Electronics]] - For men with ideas in electronics |date=December 1972 |volume=43 |issue=12 |publisher=[[Gernsback Publications, Inc.]] |publication-place=New York, USA |page=17 |url=https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Electronics/70s/1972/Radio-Electronics-1972-12.pdf |access-date=2022-12-28 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221228161558/https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Radio-Electronics/70s/1972/Radio-Electronics-1972-12.pdf |archive-date=2022-12-28 |quote-page=17 |quote=DATA STORAGE: 2 Auxiliary Storage Registers plus up to 7 push-up Stack Registers. […] 7400A 3 Registers Kit $299.95 Assembled $379.95 […] 7400B 5 Registers Kit $319.95 Assembled $399.95 […] 7400C 7 Registers Kit $339.95 Assembled $419.95}}</ref>
<ref name="Berger_1973">{{cite journal |title=New calculator kits: From pocket minis to versatile desk models |author-first=Ivan |author-last=Berger |journal=[[Popular Mechanics]] |publisher=[[Hearst Magazines]] |date=May 1973 |page=152 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=htQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA151 |access-date=2017-04-29}}</ref>
<ref name="MITS7400">{{cite web |title=MITS 7400 Scientific/Engineering Calculator |url=http://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/w-mits7400.html |access-date=2017-04-30 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430004710/http://www.oldcalculatormuseum.com/w-mits7400.jpg |archive-date=2017-04-30}} (NB. Shows a photo of the [[MITS 7400]], but the text erroneously refers to the later algebraic [[MITS 7440|7440]] model instead of the [[MITS 7400A|7400A]]/[[MITS 7400B|B]]/[[MITS 7400C|C]] models.)</ref>
<ref name="Commodore_SR4921R">{{cite book |title=SR4921 RPN Reverse Notation Scientific Calculator Instruction Manual |publisher=[[Commodore Business Machines, Inc.]] |date= |location=Palo Alto, California, USA |url=http://www.wass.net/manuals/Commodore%20SR4921R.pdf |access-date=2022-10-16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625231745/http://www.wass.net/manuals/Commodore%20SR4921R.pdf |archive-date=2017-06-25}}</ref>
<ref name="Prinztronic">{{cite web |title=Prinztronic Program |website=www.vintagecalculators.com |url=http://www.vintagecalculators.com/html/program.html |access-date=21 March 2018}}</ref>
<ref name="Elektronika_B3-21">[http://www.rskey.org/detail.asp?manufacturer=Elektronika&model=B3-21 Elektronika B3-21] page on RSkey.org</ref>
<ref name="Elektronika_MK-161">[http://www.rskey.org/detail.asp?manufacturer=Elektronika&model=MK-161 Elektronika MK-161] page on RSkey.org</ref>
<ref name="Elektronika_MK-61">{{cite web |url=http://arbinada.com/pmk/node/56 |title=Elektronika MK-61/52 and 152/161: small tech review (En) - Кон-Тики |website=arbinada.com |access-date=2018-03-21}}</ref>
<ref name="SEMICO">{{cite web |url=http://mk.semico.ru/ |title=НПП СЕМИКО - вычислительная техника и устройства автоматизации |website=mk.semico.ru |access-date=2018-03-21}}</ref>
<ref name="Wilkins">{{cite web |url=http://lashwhip.com/grpn.html |title=Katharina & Paul Wilkins' Home Page |website=lashwhip.com |access-date=2018-03-21}}</ref>
<ref name="GTK">{{cite web |url=http://galculator.mnim.org/ |title=galculator - a GTK 2 / GTK 3 algebraic and RPN calculator |website=galculator.mnim.org |access-date=2024-01-05}}</ref>
<ref name="rpCalc">{{cite web |url=https://rpcalc.bellz.org/ |title=rpCalc |website=rpcalc.bellz.org |access-date=2024-01-05}}</ref>
<ref name="Schrijver">{{cite web |url=http://www.stack-calculator.com/ |title=Home - mouseless Stack-Calculator |first=Frans |last=Schrijver |website=www.stack-calculator.com |access-date=2018-03-21}}</ref>
<ref name="HP9100A_1968">{{cite web |title=hp 9100A Calculator |type=marketing brochure |date=1968 |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard]] |pages=8–10 |url=http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/HP/HP.9100A.1968.102646164.pdf |access-date=2013-01-26 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022222725/http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/text/HP/HP.9100A.1968.102646164.pdf |archive-date=2021-10-22}}</ref>
<ref name="HP15C_2011">{{cite book |title=Hewlett-Packard HP-15C Owner's Handbook |chapter=Section 3: The Automatic Memory Stack, LAST X, and Data Storage |publisher=[[Hewlett-Packard Development Company, LP.]] |date=September 2011 |version=2.4 |id=00015-90001 |pages=32–46 |url=http://www.hp.com/ctg/Manual/c03030589.pdf |access-date=2015-12-05 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170917224935/http://www.hp.com/ctg/Manual/c03030589.pdf |archive-date=2017-09-17}}</ref>
<ref name="Ceruzzi_1980">{{cite journal |title=1941 RPN Computer? |author-first=Paul E. |author-last=Ceruzzi |author-link=Paul E. Ceruzzi |journal=[[PPC Calculator Journal]] |date=April 1980 |volume=7 |number=3 |page=25 |url=https://www.hpcalc.org/hp48/docs/columns/1941rpn.html |access-date=2022-07-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701172806/https://www.hpcalc.org/hp48/docs/columns/1941rpn.html |archive-date=2022-07-01 |quote-page=25 |quote=The interesting aspect of the programming of the [[Z3 (computer)|Z-3]] was that this code was very similar to that of, say, an [[HP-25]]. To perform an operation on two numbers, commands would first be given to recall the numbers from appropriate locations in the memory, followed by the command for the operation. Numbers were automatically positioned in registers in the Arithmetic Unit of the machine so that operations like division and subtraction would proceed in the right order. Results were left in a register in the AU so that long sequences of operations could be carried out. Thus, the Z-3 used a version of RPN that was nearly identical to that used by HP! I have obtained copies of early programs that Zuse had written for the evaluation of a 5 × 5 determinant, and it is possible to run these programs on an [[HP-41C]] with almost no modification whatsoever (once the numbers have been placed in the storage registers beforehand). The AU of the Z-3 contained 3 registers, although Zuse never referred to them as a stack, of course. These registers were labelled "f", "a", and "b". All entrance and exit to and from the AU was through the "f" register. This is sort of like the display register of the 41C, which is distinct from the stack. Arithmetic operations were performed on numbers in the a and b registers, so these may be thought of as corresponding to the x and y registers of HP's. Unlike modern computer practice, the actual numbers themselves were moved around the registers, not just a pointer.}}</ref>
<ref name="Ceruzzi_1983">{{cite book |title=Reckoners - The prehistory of the digital computer, from relays to the stored program concept, 1935–1945 |author-first=Paul E. |author-last=Ceruzzi |author-link=Paul E. Ceruzzi |series=Contributions to the study of computer science |issn=0734-757X |volume=1 |date=1983 |lccn=82-20980 |isbn=0-313-23382-9 |publisher=[[Greenwood Press]], Congressional Information Service, Inc. |publication-place=Westport, Connecticut, USA |edition=1 <!--|magazine=Annals of the History of Computing |date=1981 |publisher=American Federation of Information Processing Societies --> |page=0010 |chapter=2. Computers in Germany |url=http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners.html#TOC |chapter-url=http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners-ch-2.html |access-date=2022-07-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701223948/http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Reckoners-ch-2.html |archive-date=2022-07-01}}</ref>
<ref name="parTU_2000">{{cite magazine |title=Rechenhilfe für Ingenieure |language=de |publisher=[[Technische Universität Berlin]] |magazine=Alumni-Magazin der Technischen Universität Berlin |volume=2 |number=3 |date=December 2000 |url=http://www2.tu-berlin.de/alumni/parTU/00dez/zuse.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213222711/http://www2.tu-berlin.de/alumni/parTU/00dez/zuse.htm |archive-date=2009-02-13}}</ref>
<ref name="Zuse_2005">{{cite conference |conference=INFORMATIK 2005 Informatik LIVE! Band 1, Beiträge der 35. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V. (GI), 19. bis 22. September 2005 in Bonn |title=Die ergonomischen Erfindungen der Zuse-Maschinen |language=de |chapter=2. Dialogfähigkeit der Maschine Z3 |series=Lecture Notes in Informatics |author-first=Horst |author-last=Zuse |author-link=Horst Zuse |editor-first1=Armin B. |editor-last1=Cremers |editor-first2=Rainer |editor-last2=Manthey |editor-first3=Peter |editor-last3=Martini |editor-first4=Volker |editor-last4=Steinhage |location=Berlin, Germany |publisher=[[Gesellschaft für Informatik]] (GI) |publication-place=Bonn, Germany |pages=200–204 [200–201] |url=https://subs.emis.de/LNI/Proceedings/Proceedings67/GI-Proceedings.67-42.pdf |access-date=2022-07-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701225356/https://subs.emis.de/LNI/Proceedings/Proceedings67/GI-Proceedings.67-42.pdf |archive-date=2022-07-01 |quote-page=201 |quote=Dazu stehen die beiden Register R1 und R2 als Kurzspeicher für die Operanden der arithmetischen Operationen zur Verfügung. Gerechnet wird in der umgekehrten polnischen Notation, wie z.B. beim Taschenrechner [[HP-45|HP 45]] (1972) oder [[HP-11|HP11]] (1998).}} (5 pages)</ref>
<ref name="Zuse_2008">{{cite web |title=Z3 im Detail |language=de |trans-title=Z3 in details |editor-first=Horst |editor-last=Zuse |editor-link=Horst Zuse |date=2008-02-22 |work=Professor Dr.-Ing. habil. Horst Zuse |url=http://www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de/z3-detail.html |access-date=2022-07-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701173220/http://www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de/z3-detail.html |archive-date=2022-07-01 |quote=Die Z3 konnte in zwei Betriebsmodi betrieben werden, und zwar in dem Programm- und Dialogmodus. Das Rechnen im Dialog erfolgt wie mit einem Taschenrechner in der umgekehrten polnischen Notation.}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20220701173354/http://www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de/foto-scout-zuse-internet-html/fsz-readme-1.pdf<!-- http://www.horst-zuse.homepage.t-online.de/foto-scout-zuse-internet-html/fsz-readme-1.pdf -->]</ref>
<ref name="Bonten_2009">{{cite web |title=Fast Calculators: Konrad Zuse's Z1 and Z3 |author-first=Jo H. M. |author-last=Bonten |location=Geldrop, Netherlands |date=2009-05-28 |orig-date=2009-03-08 |url=http://home.kpn.nl/jhm.bonten/computers/bitsandbytes/wordsizes/crayzuse.htm |access-date=2022-07-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701230722/http://home.kpn.nl/jhm.bonten/computers/bitsandbytes/wordsizes/crayzuse.htm |archive-date=2022-07-01 |quote=The computer can be used as a simple hand-held calculator. In this mode besides entering the numeric values the user must enter the instructions and the addresses by pressing their keys. He has to enter the numbers and operators in the reverse Polish notation.}}</ref>
<ref name="DHM_2013">{{cite web |title=An einem 12. Mai |language=de |publisher=[[Deutsches Historisches Museum]] (German Historical Museum) |url=http://www.dhm.de/gaeste/luise/tagesfakten/tf05/0512.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530040033/http://www.dhm.de/gaeste/luise/tagesfakten/tf05/0512.htm |archive-date=2013-05-30}}</ref>
<ref name="Bundesmann_2016">{{cite magazine |title=Zum 75. Geburtstag von Konrad Zuses Z3: Ratterkasten |author-first=Jan |author-last=Bundesmann |language=de |magazine=[[iX (magazine)|iX]] |publisher=[[Heise Verlag]] |issue=6 |volume=2016 |date=June 2016 |department=Report / Jubiläum |page=94 |url=https://www.heise.de/select/ix/2016/6/1464579381888967#literaturverzeichnis |access-date=2022-07-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701174549/https://www.heise.de/select/ix/2016/6/1464579381888967#literaturverzeichnis |archive-date=2022-07-01 |quote-page=94 |quote=Zum Eingeben der Zahlen stand eine Tastatur bereit (Dezimalzahlen, Gleitkommadarstellung). Anweisungen gaben Nutzer in umgekehrter polnischer Notation: zuerst die Argumente, um Register zu befüllen, dann der auszuführende Operator.}}</ref>
<ref name="WDF_2018">{{cite magazine |title=Die Computerwelt von Konrad Zuse - Auf den Spuren eines EDV-Genies |language=de |magazine={{ill|Welt der Fertigung|de}} |issn=2194-9239 |department=Die Welt der technischen Museen |volume=2018 |number=2 |date=2018 |pages=32–35 |url=https://www.weltderfertigung.de/assets/konrad-zuse-museum.pdf |access-date=2022-07-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017185004/http://weltderfertigung.de/assets/konrad-zuse-museum.pdf |archive-date=2019-10-17 |quote-pages=32–33 |quote=Er hat wohl auch als erster die vom polnischen Mathematiker [[Jan Lukasiewicz]] entwickelte ›[[Polish notation|polnische Notation]]‹ weiterentwickelt und daraus die ›umgekehrte polnische Notation‹ (UPN) ersonnen, da diese in seinen Rechnern verwendet wird: zunächst werden die Werte eingegeben, danach die gewünschte Rechenoperation ausgelöst. Klammern werden auf diese Weise vermieden.}} (4 pages)</ref>
<ref name="Tremmel_2021">{{cite magazine |title=Computergeschichte: Zuse Z3 "im Test" |date=2021-11-21 |magazine=[[c't magazin]] |publisher=[[Heise Verlag]] |author-first=Sylvester |author-last=Tremmel |page= |url=https://www.heise.de/tests/Comnputergeschichte-Zuse-Z3-im-Test-6275272.html |access-date=2022-07-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301130344/https://www.heise.de/tests/Comnputergeschichte-Zuse-Z3-im-Test-6275272.html |archive-date=2022-03-01 |quote-page= |quote=Über die I/O-Einheit kann man die [[Z3 (computer)|Z3]] als reine Rechenmaschine einsetzen, Operationen nimmt sie dann in der praktischen – wenn auch gewöhnungsbedürftigen – umgekehrten polnischen Notation entgegen. Werte im Speicher ablegen (oder von dort laden) kann man so allerdings nicht.}}</ref>
<ref name="Dietrich_2019">{{cite journal |author-last=Dietrich |author-first=Johannes W. |title=TRURL RPN Engine |journal=Zenodo |date=2019-07-24 |doi=10.5281/zenodo.3257689 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/3350851 |access-date=2022-07-02}}</ref>
<ref name="Blaauw-Brooks_1997">{{cite book |title=Computer architecture: Concepts and evolution |author-first1=Gerrit Anne |author-last1=Blaauw |author-link1=Gerrit Anne Blaauw |author-first2=Frederick Phillips |author-last2=Brooks, Jr. |author-link2=Frederick Phillips Brooks |publisher=[[Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc.]] |publication-place=Boston, Massachusetts, USA |date=1997}}</ref>
<ref name="Duncan_1977">{{cite magazine |title=Stack Machine Development: Australia, Great Britain, and Europe |author-first=Fraser George |author-last=Duncan |location=University of Bristol, Bristol, Virginia, USA |magazine=[[Computer (magazine)|Computer]] |id={{CODEN|CPTRB4}} |s2cid=17013010 |doi=10.1109/MC.1977.315873 |issn=0018-9162 |eissn=1558-0814 |publisher= |volume=10 |date=1977-05-01 |issue=5 |pages=50–52 |url=https://csdl-downloads.ieeecomputer.org/mags/co/1977/05/01646485.pdf?Expires=1697369097&Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9jc2RsLWRvd25sb2Fkcy5pZWVlY29tcHV0ZXIub3JnL21hZ3MvY28vMTk3Ny8wNS8wMTY0NjQ4NS5wZGYiLCJDb25kaXRpb24iOnsiRGF0ZUxlc3NUaGFuIjp7IkFXUzpFcG9jaFRpbWUiOjE2OTczNjkwOTd9fX1dfQ__&Signature=xUP0yvim4Anf0nWqRYKhw7EINRBgqttNgyV0fOBmg4jGQU~Uo1eP91Mw2CL34gK18qbzYjWRKwqifo7aVUL2hgxz~ZplAiqNXRqbLpbB4bYfoPiJNJ3x0AJmfERxcIG058YoTI8~uiEhmUNgjJkrfSMbqHwUoqit~4p7xFLfFBqiPau56WqdEngihf8OXuDeUxkMvCPgo2tGnN5GCoGY9-ALYc99IxqY8-ltGpsyauyASyerp42tY7E6r7T~6x75q8mjilSfo~tTpJMTdX2DpGepaobjf9D7MAXWv7iko038yLn8Kp8WxQceX6VX8fM85pPPYapXGK4HrPNnUIGeiw__&Key-Pair-Id=K12PMWTCQBDMDT |access-date=2023-10-15 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231015112418/https://csdl-downloads.ieeecomputer.org/mags/co/1977/05/01646485.pdf?Expires=1697369097&Policy=eyJTdGF0ZW1lbnQiOlt7IlJlc291cmNlIjoiaHR0cHM6Ly9jc2RsLWRvd25sb2Fkcy5pZWVlY29tcHV0ZXIub3JnL21hZ3MvY28vMTk3Ny8wNS8wMTY0NjQ4NS5wZGYiLCJDb25kaXRpb24iOnsiRGF0ZUxlc3NUaGFuIjp7IkFXUzpFcG9jaFRpbWUiOjE2OTczNjkwOTd9fX1dfQ__&Signature=xUP0yvim4Anf0nWqRYKhw7EINRBgqttNgyV0fOBmg4jGQU~Uo1eP91Mw2CL34gK18qbzYjWRKwqifo7aVUL2hgxz~ZplAiqNXRqbLpbB4bYfoPiJNJ3x0AJmfERxcIG058YoTI8~uiEhmUNgjJkrfSMbqHwUoqit~4p7xFLfFBqiPau56WqdEngihf8OXuDeUxkMvCPgo2tGnN5GCoGY9-ALYc99IxqY8-ltGpsyauyASyerp42tY7E6r7T~6x75q8mjilSfo~tTpJMTdX2DpGepaobjf9D7MAXWv7iko038yLn8Kp8WxQceX6VX8fM85pPPYapXGK4HrPNnUIGeiw__&Key-Pair-Id=K12PMWTCQBDMDT |archive-date=2023-10-15}} (3 pages)</ref>
<ref name="Allen_1985">{{cite journal |title=Charles Hamblin (1922–1985) |author-first=Murray W. |author-last=Allen |journal=[[Australian Computer Journal]] |publisher=[[Australian Computer Society, Inc.]] |publication-place=Darlinghurst, Australia |issn=0004-8917 |volume=17 |date=1985-11-01 |issue=4 |pages=194–195 |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/7385.7391 |access-date=2023-10-15}} (2 pages)</ref>
<ref name="LaForest_2007">{{cite book |title=Second-Generation Stack Computer Architecture |chapter=2.1 Lukasiewicz and the First Generation: 2.1.2 Germany: Konrad Zuse (1910–1995); 2.2 The First Generation of Stack Computers: 2.2.1 Zuse Z4  |author-first=Charles Eric |author-last=LaForest |type=thesis |publisher=[[University of Waterloo]] |location=Waterloo, Canada |date=April 2007 |pages=8, 11 |url=http://fpgacpu.ca/publications/Second-Generation_Stack_Computer_Architecture.pdf |access-date=2022-07-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120155616/http://fpgacpu.ca/publications/Second-Generation_Stack_Computer_Architecture.pdf |archive-date=2022-01-20}} (178 pages)</ref>
<ref name="Rojas_1997">{{cite journal |title=Konrad Zuse's Legacy: The Architecture of the Z1 and Z3 |author-last=Rojas |author-first=Raúl |author-link=Raúl Rojas |journal=[[IEEE Annals of the History of Computing]] |volume=19 |number=2 |date=April–June 1997 |pages=5–16 [7–8] |doi=10.1109/85.586067 |url=http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Zuse_Z1_and_Z3.pdf |access-date=2022-07-03 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703082408/http://ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/Zuse_Z1_and_Z3.pdf |archive-date=2022-07-03}} (12 pages)</ref>
<ref name="RPLMAN">{{cite web |title=RPLMan from Goodies Disk 4 |author=Hewlett-Packard |author-link=Hewlett-Packard |format=RPLMAN.ZIP |url=http://www.hpcalc.org/details.php?id=1743<!-- http://www.hpcalc.org/hp48/docs/programming/rplman.zip--> |access-date=2015-09-12}}</ref>
<ref name="Wickes_1987">{{cite journal |title=The HP-28C: An Insider's Perspective |author-first=William C. |author-last=Wickes |journal=HPX Exchange |volume=1 |number=1 |date=January–February 1987 |pages= |url=}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20231006184209/https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-1140.html]</ref>
<ref name="Williams_2023">{{cite web |title=In Praise Of RPN (with Python Or C) |author-first=Al |author-last=Williams |date=2023-06-21 |work=Hackaday |url=https://hackaday.com/2023/06/21/in-praise-of-rpn-with-python-or-c/ |access-date=2023-09-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923090403/https://hackaday.com/2023/06/21/in-praise-of-rpn-with-python-or-c/ |archive-date=2023-09-23}}</ref>
<ref name="HP9100A_1998">{{cite web |title=HP 9100A/B |date=1998 |work=MoHPC - The Museum of HP Calculators |url=https://www.hpmuseum.org/hp9100.htm |access-date=2023-09-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923125424/https://www.hpmuseum.org/hp9100.htm |archive-date=2023-09-23}}</ref>
<ref name="Wessman_2016">{{cite web |title=What to do with stack overflow OBJ->/LIST->? |author-first=Timothy "Tim" James |author-last=Wessman |date=2016-06-21 |orig-date=2016-06-20 |work=MoHPC - The Museum of HP Calculators |url=https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/printthread.php?tid=6436 |access-date=2023-09-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924101041/https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/printthread.php?tid=6436 |archive-date=2023-09-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Paul_2015">{{cite web |title=[34S] Proposal for Entry RPN mode with dynamic stack |author-first=Matthias R. |author-last=Paul |date=2015-02-18 |orig-date=2015-02-15 |work=MoHPC - The Museum of HP Calculators |url=https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-3108.html |access-date=2023-09-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923202314/https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-3108.html |archive-date=2023-09-23}}</ref>
<ref name="Bit_2014">{{cite web |title=Bit's WP 34S and 31S patches and custom binaries (version: r3802 20150805-1) |author=Bit |date=2014-11-15 |work=MoHPC - The Museum of HP Calculators |url=https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-2433.html |access-date=2023-09-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924153615/https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-2433.html |archive-date=2023-09-24}}</ref>
<ref name="Bit_2015">{{cite web |title=[34S & 31S] Unique display mode: significant figures |author=Bit |date=2015-02-07 |work=MoHPC - The Museum of HP Calculators |url=https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-3029.html |access-date=2023-09-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230924153537/https://www.hpmuseum.org/forum/thread-3029.html |archive-date=2023-09-24}}</ref>
<ref name="TKE_1976">{{cite web |title=Everything you've always wanted to know about RPN but were afraid to pursue – Comprehensive manual for scientific calculators – Corvus 500 – APF Mark 55 – OMRON 12-SR and others |publisher=T. K. Enterprises |date=1976 |url=http://www.wass.net/manuals/Everything%20RPN.pdf |access-date=2017-06-24 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624162722/http://www.wass.net/manuals/Everything%20RPN.pdf |archive-date=2017-06-24}} (NB. The book's cover title contains a typographical error reading "APS Mark 55" instead of the correct "APF Mark 55".)</ref>
<ref name="ARPCalc">{{cite web | url=https://www.cgtk.co.uk/software/arpcalc | title=CGTK - ARPCalc - Al's Reverse Polish Calculator }}</ref>
}}