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Scaffolding
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==Specialty scaffolding== {{More citations needed section|date=January 2020}} [[File:Handwerker-Stelzen.jpg|thumb|upright|''Stilts'' are considered a type of scaffold by OSHA in the USA. Stilts are commonly used by [[drywall]] tapers working on ceilings.]] Types of scaffolding covered by the Occupational Health and Safety Administration in the United States include the following categories: Pole; tube and coupler; fabricated frame (tubular welded frame scaffolds); plasterers’, decorators’, and large area scaffolds; bricklayers' (pipe); horse; form scaffolds and carpenters’ bracket scaffolds; roof brackets; outrigger; pump jacks; ladder jacks; window jacks; crawlingboards (chicken ladders); step, platform, and trestle ladder scaffolds; single-point adjustable suspension; two-point adjustable suspension (swing stages); multipoint adjustable suspension; stonesetters’ multipoint adjustable suspension scaffolds, and masons’ multipoint adjustable suspension scaffolds; catenary; float (ship); interior hung; needle beam; multilevel suspended; mobile; repair bracket scaffolds; and [[stilts]].<ref>[http://www.masonryconstruction.com/Images/Getting%20a%20Grip%20on%20OSHA's%20Scaffolding%20Regulations_tcm68-1375622.pdf Jeff Ende. "Getting a grip on OSHA’s scaffolding regulations"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041931/http://www.masonryconstruction.com/Images/Getting%20a%20Grip%20on%20OSHA's%20Scaffolding%20Regulations_tcm68-1375622.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }} Masonryconstruction.com Publication #M970339 Copyright © 1997, The Aberdeen Group</ref> ===Gallery of scaffold types=== <gallery mode="packed" heights="140"> File:Fotothek df tg 0003033 Mechanik ^ Hebezeug ^ Winde ^ Seil.jpg|A type of putlog scaffold where the putlogs go through the wall and are relatively balanced on each side, 1612 File:Floriano Ferramola rifiuta di abbandonare il cantiere davanti alle truppe di Gaston de Foix.jpg|A tall ''horse scaffold'', c. 1850s File:Carpentry and painting LCCN2001705885.tif|A simple putlog type scaffolding and roof brackets, 1899 File:Archives of American Art - Seymour Fogel - 3063.jpg|[[Seymour Fogel]]'s 1939 scaffolding, for [[Mural|mural art]] purposes File:Wrens Train For New Job- Training For Ship Mechanics of the Women's Royal Naval Service, England, UK, 1943 D17079.jpg|Trestle ladder scaffold, 1943 File:Rietdekken - Beilen - 20521600 - RCE.jpg|The ''putlog'' is the horizontal piece on which the platform rests, the upright pole is called a ''standard''. In some masonry buildings the holes into which the putlogs are inserted remain unfilled and are called ''putlog holes,'' 1944 File:CARPENTER AT WORK ON THE FIRST UNIT OF THE NEW ALPINE VILLAGE AT THE OUTSKIRTS OF HELEN. WHEN COMPLETED THE PROJECT... - NARA - 557731.jpg|''Pipe staging'' is very common in the U.S. Welded sections stack on top of each other and braced with cross braces, workers stand on planks or aluminum platforms, 1975 File:Exterieur VERROTTE DRAAGCONSTRUCTIE LOOPGEDEELTE RONDOM HOUTEN OPBOUW - Amsterdam - 20294998 - RCE.jpg|''Carpenters' bracket scaffolding'' or ''wall brackets'' bolt through, and hang from, a wall, 1986 File:Rieten dak met ladder en ladderlift - Blaricum - 20344468 - RCE.jpg|''Ladder brackets'' mount to the rungs of a ladder and hold planks, 1989 File:2512-échafaudage-Réunion.jpg|A type of metal pole scaffold in France, 2006 File:Scaffold (PSF).png|Swing stage, 2007 illustration File:HK BambooScaffolding NylonKnot.JPG|''Bamboo scaffold'' with nylon knots, 2010 File:Coupler 1.jpg|''Tube and clamp'' scaffold detail, 2011 File:Deva Citadel 2011 - Wall Section Under Restoration-1.jpg|Wooden pole scaffold, 2011 File:Byggställning - Ystad-2020.jpg|A scaffolding ready to be assembled, 2020 </gallery> ===Putlog scaffold=== [[File:Putlog Hole in Reading Abbey Walls.jpg|thumb|right|A medieval putlog hole in the wall of [[Reading Abbey]] in [[Berkshire]], southern England]] In addition to the Jody couplers (discussed [[#Materials|above]]), there are also Jody tubes. These have a flattened end or have been fitted with a blade. This feature allows the end of the tube to be inserted into or rest upon the brickwork of the structure. A Jody scaffold may also be called a bricklayer's scaffold. As such, the scaffold consists only of a single row of standards with a single ledger. The Jody's are transoms - attached to the ledger at one end but integrated into the bricks at the other. Spacing is the same on a Jody scaffold as on a general purpose scaffold, and ties are still required. In recent years a number of new innovations have meant an increased scope of use for scaffolding, such as ladderbeams for spanning spaces that cannot accommodate standards and the increased use of sheeting and structure to create temporary roofs. Jody tubes can also be used vertically when drove under downward pressure into the ground, most typically in greens and fields, where approx 1/4 of the putlog tube remains exposed above ground. The purpose for this alternative method is to create a good anchoring point for additional vertical scaffolding to clamp on to, most commonly used in live events and festivals with scaffolding poles up to 21 feet high where festoon lighting, cabling and bunting can be hung from safely. ===Pump-jack=== A pump-jack is a type of portable scaffolding system. The scaffold rests on supports attached to two or more vertical posts. The user raises the scaffolding by pumping the foot pedals on the supports, like an automobile [[jack (device)|jack]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/scaffolding/supported/pumpjack.html|title=Scaffolding eTool - Supported Scaffolds - Pump Jack - Occupational Safety and Health Administration|website=www.osha.gov|access-date=6 July 2017}}</ref> ===Baker staging=== Baker staging is a metal scaffold which is easy to assemble. Rolling platforms typically {{convert|29|in|mm|order=flip}} wide by {{convert|6|ft|order=flip}} long and {{convert|6|ft|order=flip}} tall sections which can be stacked up to three high with the use of added outriggers. The work platform height is adjustable. ===X-Deck ladder scaffolding=== Low level scaffolding that is height adjustable. It is a hybrid ladder scaffold work platform.
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