Editing TATA box (section)

== Genetic engineering ==

=== TATA box modification ===
Evolutionary changes have pushed [[plant]]s to adapt to the changing environmental conditions. In the [[history]] of [[Earth]], the development of Earth's aerobic [[Atmosphere of Earth|atmosphere]] resulted in an [[iron]] deficiency in plants.<ref name=":15">{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang M, Lv Y, Wang Y, Rose JK, Shen F, Han Z, Zhang X, Xu X, Wu T, Han Z | title = TATA Box Insertion Provides a Selection Mechanism Underpinning Adaptations to Fe Deficiency | journal = Plant Physiology | volume = 173 | issue = 1 | pages = 715–727 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27881725 | doi = 10.1104/pp.16.01504 | pmc=5210749}}</ref> Compared to other members of the same species, ''[[Malus baccata]]'' var. ''xiaojinensis'' has a TATA box inserted in the promoter upstream of the iron-regulated transporter 1 (IRT1) [[Promoter (genetics)|promoter]]. As a result, the promoter activity levels are enhanced, increasing [[TFIID]] activity and subsequently [[Transcription (biology)|transcription initiation]], resulting in a more iron-efficient phenotype. With genetic engineering, a similar modification can be done to other plants, such as the model species of [[tobacco]] and ''[[Arabidopsis thaliana]]''.<!-- The study only performs transient expression to prove the causation between TATA insertion and increased expression. --><ref name=":15" />