Editing Tetralogy of Fallot (section)

=== Long-term ===
Adult patients with congenital cardiac disease are on the rise at a rate of about 5% per year, outpacing the pediatric population.<ref name="Diaz-Frias_2021" /> Right ventricular volume overload form pulmonary insufficiency, right ventricular aneurysm from outflow patch or ventriculotomy, distal pulmonary artery obstruction, ventricular hypertrophy, chamber enlargement, biventricular dysfunction, and aortic root dilation and insufficient are all long-term complications seen in these patients.<ref name="Diaz-Frias_2021" /> Arrhythmia, heart failure, and complications from reoperations are the three primary causes of death in individuals with corrected tetralogy of Fallot. QRS duration greater than 180 milliseconds, older age at repair (greater than three years), significant pulmonary valve or tricuspid valve regurgitation, history of syncope, multifocal premature ventricular contractions, and ventricular tachycardia are some of the factors associated with sudden death after 30 years of procedure.<ref name="Singab_2021">{{Cite journal| vauthors = Singab H |date=2021-07-15|title=Review of: 'Circulation derived from 4D flow MRI correlates with right ventricular dysfunction in patients with tetralogy of Fallot'|journal=Qeios| doi = 10.32388/ab6qgw |doi-broken-date=2024-11-02 |s2cid=237843363|doi-access=free}}</ref> Pulmonary insufficiency is the most common reason for reoperation, and pulmonary valve replacement criteria have traditionally been based on the severity of the regurgitant fraction on a magnetic resonance or CT scan. Right and left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volume indices, ejection fractions, and the existence of aneurysm generating obstructive outflow are all parameters seen in this research. Exercise intolerance, heart failure signs and symptoms, syncope, and prolonged ventricular tachycardia are all possible symptoms. A transcatheter pulmonary valve method can also be used to replace a pulmonary valve.<ref name="Singab_2021" />