Editing Urbanization (section)

=== Planned urbanization ===
Urbanization can be planned urbanization or organic. Planned urbanization, i.e.: [[planned community]] or the [[garden city movement]], is based on an advance plan, which can be prepared for military, aesthetic, economic or [[urban design]] reasons. Examples can be seen in many ancient cities; although with exploration came the collision of nations, which meant that many invaded cities took on the desired planned characteristics of their occupiers. Many ancient organic cities experienced redevelopment for military and economic purposes, new roads carved through the cities, and new parcels of land were cordoned off serving various planned purposes giving cities distinctive geometric designs. UN agencies prefer to see [[infrastructure|urban infrastructure]] installed before urbanization occurs. [[Landscape planning|Landscape planners]] are responsible for landscape infrastructure ([[public park]]s, [[sustainable urban drainage systems]], [[Greenway (landscape)|greenways]] etc.) which can be planned before urbanization takes place, or afterwards to revitalize an area and create greater [[livability]] within a region. Concepts of control of the urban expansion are considered in the [[American Institute of Planners]].

As population continues to grow and urbanize at unprecedented rates, [[new urbanism]] and [[smart growth]] techniques are implemented to create a transition into developing environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable cities. Additionally, a more well-rounded approach articulates the importance to promote participation of non-state actors, which could include businesses, research and non-profit organizations and, most importantly, local citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lwasa, Seto |first=Shauib, Karen |date=27 November 2021 |title=Chapter 8 Urban Systems and other Settlements |url=https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6wg3/pdf/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_FinalDraft_Chapter08.pdf |access-date=4 April 2022 |archive-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404150708/https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6wg3/pdf/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_FinalDraft_Chapter08.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Smart Growth and New Urbanism's principles include [[walkability]], mixed-use development, comfortable high-density design, land conservation, [[social equity]], and economic diversity. Mixed-use communities work to fight [[gentrification]] with [[affordable housing]] to promote social equity, decrease [[automobile dependency]] to lower use of [[fossil fuel]]s, and promote a [[localized economy]]. Walkable communities have a 38% higher average GDP per capita than less walkable urban metros (Leinberger, Lynch). By combining economic, environmental, and social sustainability, cities will become equitable, resilient, and more appealing than [[urban sprawl]] that [[overexploitation|overuse]]s [[land use|land]], promotes [[automobile]] use, and segregates the population economically.<ref>{{Cite report |author1=Christopher B. Leinberger |author2=Patrick Lynch |year=2014 |title=Foot Traffic ''Ahead'': Ranking Walkable Urbanism in America's Largest Metros |publisher=The George Washington University School of Business |url=http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/documents/foot-traffic-ahead.pdf |access-date=11 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924102837/http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/documents/foot-traffic-ahead.pdf |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="control">{{cite journal |author=Lovelace, E.H.|title=Control of urban expansion: the Lincoln, Nebraska experience|journal=[[Journal of the American Institute of Planners]]|year=1965|volume=31|issue=4|pages=348–52|author-link=Eldridge Lovelace |doi=10.1080/01944366508978191}}</ref>