Editing Wave power (section)

== Challenges ==
{{Expand section|what are the main technical difficulties?|date=February 2023}}
Environmental impacts must be addressed.<ref name="ocs"/><ref>[http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/programmes/mre/background.asp Marine Renewable Energy Programme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110803183744/http://www.nerc.ac.uk/research/programmes/mre/background.asp |date=August 3, 2011 }}, [[Natural Environment Research Council|NERC]] Retrieved August 1, 2011</ref> Socio-economic challenges include the displacement of commercial and recreational fishermen, and may present navigation hazards.<ref>[[Steven Hackett]]:''Economic and Social Considerations for Wave Energy Development in California'' [http://www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CEC-500-2008-083/CEC-500-2008-083.PDF CEC Report Nov 2008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090526062018/http://www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CEC-500-2008-083/CEC-500-2008-083.PDF |date=May 26, 2009 }} Ch2, pp22-44 [[California Energy Commission]]|Retrieved December 14, 2008</ref> Supporting infrastructure, such as grid connections, must be provided.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gallucci|first=M.|date=December 2019|title=At last, wave energy tech plugs into the grid - [News]|journal=IEEE Spectrum|volume=56|issue=12|pages=8–9|doi=10.1109/MSPEC.2019.8913821|issn=1939-9340|doi-access=free}}</ref> Commercial WECs have not always been successful. In 2019, for example, Seabased Industries AB in Sweden was liquidated due to "extensive challenges in recent years, both practical and financial".<ref>{{cite web |title=Seabased Closes Production Facility in Sweden |url=https://marineenergy.biz/2019/01/17/seabased-closes-production-facility-in-sweden/ |publisher=marineenergy.biz |access-date=12 December 2019 |date=January 2019}}</ref>

Current wave power generation technology is subject to many technical limitations.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Rajesh |last2=Kumar |first2=Suresh |last3=Gehlot |first3=Anita |last4=Pachauri |first4=Rupendra |date=February 2018 |title=An imperative role of sun trackers in photovoltaic technology: A review |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1364032117313953 |journal=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |language=en |volume=82 |pages=3263–3278 |doi=10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.018|bibcode=2018RSERv..82.3263S |url-access=subscription }}</ref> These limitations stem from the complex and dynamic nature of ocean waves, which require robust and efficient technology to capture the energy. Challenges include designing and building wave energy devices that can withstand the corrosive effects of saltwater, harsh weather conditions, and extreme wave forces.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Felix |first1=Angélica |last2=V. Hernández-Fontes |first2=Jassiel |last3=Lithgow |first3=Débora |last4=Mendoza |first4=Edgar |last5=Posada |first5=Gregorio |last6=Ring |first6=Michael |last7=Silva |first7=Rodolfo |date=July 2019 |title=Wave Energy in Tropical Regions: Deployment Challenges, Environmental and Social Perspectives |journal=Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |language=en |volume=7 |issue=7 |pages=219 |doi=10.3390/jmse7070219 |issn=2077-1312 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2019JMSE....7..219F }}</ref> Additionally, optimizing the performance and efficiency of wave energy converters, such as oscillating water column (OWC) devices, point absorbers, and overtopping devices, requires overcoming engineering complexities related to the dynamic and variable nature of waves.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Xamán |first1=J. |last2=Rodriguez-Ake |first2=A. |last3=Zavala-Guillén |first3=I. |last4=Hernández-Pérez |first4=I. |last5=Arce |first5=J. |last6=Sauceda |first6=D. |date=April 2020 |title=Thermal performance analysis of a roof with a PCM-layer under Mexican weather conditions |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0960148119319561 |journal=Renewable Energy |language=en |volume=149 |pages=773–785 |doi=10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.084|bibcode=2020REne..149..773X |s2cid=213903662 |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Furthermore, developing effective mooring and anchoring systems to keep wave energy devices in place in the harsh ocean environment, and developing reliable and efficient power take-off mechanisms to convert the captured wave energy into electricity, are also technical challenges in wave power generation.<ref>{{Citation |last1=Røe |first1=Oluf Dimitri |title=Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: History, Controversy, and Future of a Man-Made Epidemic |date=2017 |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-53560-9_4 |work=Asbestos and Mesothelioma |pages=73–101 |editor-last=Testa |editor-first=Joseph R. |access-date=2023-04-18 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-53560-9_4 |isbn=978-3-319-53558-6 |last2=Stella |first2=Giulia Maria|series=Current Cancer Research |hdl=11250/2628134 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> As the wave energy dissipation by a submerged flexible mound breakwater is greater than that of a rigid submerged structure, greater wave energy dissipation is expected due to highly deformed shape of the structure.<ref>Jafarzadeh, E., Kabiri-Samani, A., Mansourzadeh, S., & Bohluly, A. (2021). Experimental modeling of the interaction between waves and submerged flexible mound breakwaters. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment, 235(1), 127-141.</ref>