Editing .30-06 Springfield (section)

===Cartridge, ball, caliber .30, Model of 1906 (M1906)===
For these reasons, the U.S. military developed a new, lighter cartridge in 1906, the .30-06 Springfield, "cartridge, ball, caliber .30, Model of 1906", or just ''M1906''. The .30-03 case was modified to have a slightly shorter neck to fire a spitzer flat-based {{convert|150|gr|2|adj=on}} bullet that had a [[ballistic coefficient]] (G1 BC) of approximately 0.405, a muzzle velocity of {{convert|2700|ft/s|m/s|abbr=on}}, and a muzzle energy of {{Convert|2429|ftlbf|J|abbr=on}}. The cartridge was loaded with military rifle (MR) 21 propellant, and its maximum range was claimed (falsely) to be {{convert|4700|yd|m|-1|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hatcher |first=Julian S. |author-link=Julian Hatcher |date=1962 |title=Hatcher's Notebook |edition=3rd |publisher=Stackpole Company |location=Harrisburg, PA |lccn=62-12654 |page=19 |quote=The maximum range was given in the handbooks as 4700 yards.}}</ref> The [[M1903 Springfield rifle]], which had been introduced alongside the .30-03 cartridge, was modified to accept the new .30-06 Springfield cartridge. Modifications to the rifle included shortening the barrel at its breech and resizing the chamber, so that the more tapered bullet would not have to jump too far to reach the rifling. Other changes to the rifle included the elimination of the troublesome "rod bayonet" of the earlier Springfield rifles.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}}

The M1906 maximum range was originally overstated. When the M1906 cartridge was developed, the range tests had been done to only {{convert|1800|yd|m|-1}}; distances beyond that were estimated, but the estimate for extreme range was incorrect by almost 40 percent.<ref>{{harvnb|Hatcher|1962|p=20}}<!-- Hatcher says 38 percent: 3400 yd actual * 1.38 = 4692 yd would match 4700 yd claim--></ref> The range discrepancy became evident during [[World War I]]. Before the widespread employment of light mortars and artillery, long-range machine gun "barrage" or [[indirect fire]]s were considered important in U.S. infantry tactics.<ref>{{cite book |last=George |first=John |title=Shots Fired in Anger |publisher=NRA Press |date=1981 |pages=402–403}}</ref> When the U.S. entered World War I, it did not have many machine guns, so it acquired British and French machine guns. When those weapons were later replaced with U.S. machine guns firing the M1906 round, the effective range of the barrage was 50 percent less.<ref>{{harvnb|Hatcher|1962|pp=21&ndash;23}}</ref> Firing tests performed around 1918 at Borden Brook Reservoir (Massachusetts), Miami, and Daytona Beach showed the actual maximum range of the M1906 cartridge to be {{convert|3300|to|3400|yd|m|-1}}.<ref>{{harvnb|Hatcher|1962|pp=19&ndash;20}}</ref> Germany, which was using the ''S Patrone'' (S ball cartridge) loaded with a similar {{convert|153|gr|g|adj=on}} flat-based bullet in its rifles, had apparently confronted and solved the same problem by developing an aerodynamically more refined bullet for long-range machine gun use. The ''s.S. Patrone'' was introduced in 1914 and used a {{convert|197.5|gr|g|2|adj=on}} ''s.S. – schweres Spitzgeschoß'' (heavy spitzer) boat-tail bullet which had a maximum range of approximately {{convert|5000|m|yd|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="S and s.S. Patrone ballistics 2">{{Cite web |url=http://pdf.textfiles.com/manuals/FIREARMS/fn_fn98.pdf |title=FN Mauser Model 98 rifle and carbine operator's manual}}</ref>