Editing 1543 in science (section)

==Mathematics==
* [[Robert Recorde]] publishes ''[[The Ground of Arts|The Grounde of Artes, teaching the Worke and Practise of Arithmeticke, both in whole numbers and fractions]]'', one of the first printed elementary [[arithmetic]] textbooks in English and the first to cover [[algebra]]. It will go through around forty-five editions in the following century and a half.<ref>{{cite web|first=Stephen|last=Johnston|title=Recorde, Robert (c. 1512–1558)|work=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2004|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/23241|accessdate=2012-01-26|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/23241}} {{ODNBsub}}</ref>
* [[Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia]] publishes a translation of [[Euclid]]'s ''[[Euclid's Elements|Elements]]'' into Italian, the first into any modern European language.