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1902 in science
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==Chemistry== * [[Hermann Emil Fischer]] and [[Joseph von Mering]] discover that [[barbitone]] (barbital or Veronal) is an effective [[hypnotic]] agent.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fischer|first1=E. H.|last2=Mering|first2=J.|title=Ueber eine neue Classe von Schlafmitteln|journal=Therapie der Gegenwart|volume=5|pages=97β101|year=1903|language=German|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NV0DAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Therapie+der+Gegenwart%22+1903|accessdate=2010-09-13}}</ref> It becomes the first commercially marketed [[barbiturate]], being used as a treatment for [[insomnia]] from 1903. * [[Auguste Verneuil]] develops the [[Verneuil process]] for making synthetic [[Ruby|rubies]]. * German chemist [[Wilhelm Ostwald]] develops and [[patent]]s the [[Ostwald process]] for making [[nitric acid]].
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