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1954 in science
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==Biology== * January 10 β Last confirmed specimen of a [[Caspian tiger]] is killed, in the valley of the [[Sumbar River]] in the [[Kopet Dag|Kopet Dag Mountains]] of [[Turkmenistan]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Dement'yev and Rustamov|title=The Red Data Book of Turkmenistan|publisher=Turkmenistan Publishing House|year=1985|location=Ashgabat}}</ref> * [[Daniel I. Arnon]] demonstrates in the laboratory the chemical function of [[photosynthesis]] in [[chloroplast]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Arnon, Daniel I. |author2=Allen, Mary B. |author3=Whatley, F. R. |title=Photosynthesis by Isolated Chloroplasts|journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|volume=174|year=1954|pages=394β6|issue=4426|doi=10.1038/174394a0|pmid=13194001 |bibcode = 1954Natur.174..394A |s2cid=2462316 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Laurence|first=William L.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1954/12/30/archives/sun-is-harnessed-to-create-food-science-team-on-the-coast.html|title=Sun is Harnessed to Create Food: Science Team on the Coast Duplicates Photosynthesis Outside Plants' Cells|work=The New York Times|date=December 30, 1954|access-date=July 18, 2010}}</ref> * [[Heinz Sielmann]] makes the pioneering [[nature documentary]] about [[woodpecker]]s, ''Zimmerleute des Waldes'' ("Carpenters of the forest"). * [[Eduard Paul Tratz]] and [[Heinz Heck]] propose the species name ''[[bonobo]]'' for what was previously known as the [[pygmy chimpanzee]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=de Waal, Frans B. M.|title=Tree of Origin: What Primate Behavior Can Tell Us About Human Social Evolution|location=Cambridge, Mass|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2002|isbn=0-674-00460-4|page=[https://archive.org/details/treeoforiginwhat00waal/page/51 51]|editor-link=Frans de Waal|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/treeoforiginwhat00waal/page/51}}</ref>
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