Editing 24p (section)

=== Converting 24p to PAL ===

24p material can be converted to the [[PAL]] format with the same methods used to [[Telecine#Frame rate differences|convert film to PAL]]. The most popular method is to speed up the material by 1/24 (≈4.1%). Each 24p frame will take the place of two [[PAL|50i]] [[Field (video)|fields]]. This method incurs no motion [[Artifact (error)|artifacts]] other than the slightly increased speed, which is typically not noticeable. As for audio, the ≈4.1% increase in speed raises the [[Pitch (music)|pitch]] by 0.707 of a [[semitone]], which again typically is not noticed. Sometimes the audio is [[Audio timescale-pitch modification|pitch shifted]] to restore the original pitch.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Forret |first1=Peter |title=Framerate conversion @ toolstud.io |url=https://toolstud.io/video/framerate.php?inputfps=24&compare=network&duration=60&duration_unit=seconds&outputfps=25 |website=toolstud.io |access-date=8 August 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

If 24p footage cannot be sped up (for example if it were coming through a live [[NTSC]] or [[High-definition video|HD]] feed), it instead can be converted in a [[pattern]] where most frames were held on screen for two fields, but every half second a frame would be held for three fields. Thus the viewer would see motion stutter twice per second. This was the common result when programs were shot on film or had film portions, edited on NTSC, and then shown in PAL countries (mostly [[music video]]s). NTSC to PAL conversion also tends to [[motion blur|blur]] each film frame into the next, and so is seen as a sub-optimal way to view film footage.

[[Progressive scan|30p]] can be preferable over 24p since performing a standards conversion to 25i PAL has fewer technical complexities – any [[Television standards conversion|NTSC–PAL converter]] will do. The larger differences between the 30p and 25i framerates will cause less noticeable motion artifacts upon conversion.<ref>[http://www.cinematography.net/edited-pages/MusicVideoShootingAt30p.htm Music Video Shooting At 30p], Cinematography.net</ref>