Editing 42nd parallel north (section)

==United States==
[[File:42nd parallel US.svg|thumb|right|The 42nd parallel north defining borders between states in the United States]]
[[File:Girard Main Street.jpg|thumb|right|Crossing the parallel in Girard, Pennsylvania]]

The parallel 42° north forms most of the [[New York–Pennsylvania border]], although due to imperfect surveying in 1785–1786, this boundary wanders around on both sides of the true parallel. The area around the parallel in this region is known as the [[Twin Tiers]].

The 42nd parallel became agreed upon as the northward limit of the [[Spanish Empire]] by the [[Adams–Onís Treaty]] of 1819 with the [[United States]], which established the parallel as the border between the [[New Spain|Viceroyalty of New Spain]] of the [[Kingdom of Spain]] and the western territory of the [[United States of America]] from the [[Meridian (geography)|meridian]] of the [[headwaters]] of the [[Arkansas River]] west to the [[Pacific Ocean]].<ref>{{cite book |last= Nugent |first= Walter |title= Habits of Empire: A History of American Expansion |publisher= Alfred A. Knopf |year= 2008 |isbn= 978-1-4000-4292-0 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/habitsofempirehi00nuge/page/161 161, 166–167] |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/habitsofempirehi00nuge/page/161 }}</ref> The [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] of 1848 then ceded much of what was then northern [[Mexico]] to the [[United States]]; as a result, the northernmost [[U.S. state]]s which were created from Mexican territory ([[California]], [[Nevada]], and [[Utah]]) have the parallel 42° north as their northern border, and the adjoining [[U.S. state]]s of [[Oregon]] and [[Idaho]] have the parallel as their southern border.

The parallel passes through the states of [[Wyoming]], [[Nebraska]], [[Iowa]], [[Illinois]], [[Michigan]], [[Pennsylvania]], [[New York (state)|New York]], [[Connecticut]], [[Rhode Island]] and [[Massachusetts]], and passes through (or near – within three-tenths degree of latitude) the following cities in the United States:

*[[Crescent City, California]] 
*[[Yreka, California]]
*[[Hartford, Connecticut]] 
*[[Ames, Iowa]]
*[[Chicago, Illinois]] 
*[[Kalamazoo, Michigan]]
*[[Coldwater, Michigan]] 
*[[Erie, Pennsylvania]]
*[[Jamestown, New York]]
*[[Busti, New York]]
*[[Binghamton, New York]]
*[[Plymouth, Massachusetts]]
*[[Springfield, Massachusetts]]
*[[Worcester, Massachusetts]]
*[[Foxborough, Massachusetts]]
*[[Ashland, Oregon]]
*[[Medford, Oregon]]
*[[Providence, Rhode Island]]
*[[Brookings, Oregon]]