Editing 812 (section)

=== By place ===

==== Byzantine Empire ====
* [[January 11]] &ndash; Ex-emperor [[Staurakios]], a son of [[Nikephoros I]], dies of [[putrefaction]] in his wounds (see [[811]]) in a [[monastery]]. He has reigned only two months and eight days, before being [[exile]]d by senior officials in [[Constantinople]].
* Emperor [[Michael I Rangabe|Michael I]] re-opens [[Pax Nicephori#War and peace, 806–814|peace negotiations]] with the [[Franks]], and recognizes [[Charlemagne]] as emperor (''[[basileus]]'') of the [[Carolingian Empire|Frankish Empire]]. In exchange for this recognition, [[Venice]] is returned to the [[Byzantine Empire]].
* [[Byzantine–Bulgarian wars#Conflict with Michael I Rangabe|Byzantine–Bulgarian War]]: The [[Bulgars]], led by [[Krum]], ruler (''[[Khan (title)|khan]]'') of the [[First Bulgarian Empire|Bulgarian Empire]], launch an invasion against the Byzantines. They capture the fortress cities of [[Debelt|Develt]] and [[Nesebar|Mesembria]], near the [[Black Sea]].<ref>{{The Early Medieval Balkans|pp=97-98}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
* Charlemagne conquers [[Catalonia]], as far south as the [[Ebro|River Ebro]] and the [[Balearic Islands]]. The counties come under the rule of [[Bera, Count of Barcelona|Bera]], count of [[County of Barcelona|Barcelona]]. He signs a three-year [[peace treaty]] with the [[Emirate of Córdoba]].
* Charlemagne issues the [[Capitulare de villis]], concerning the rights of a [[Feudalism|feudal]] landholder and the services owed by his [[Dependant|dependents]]. It also contains the names of some 89 [[plant]]s, of which most are used [[Medicinal plants|medically]].
* The [[Duchy of Amalfi|Republic of Amalfi]] sends [[galley]]s to support the Byzantine general (''[[Strategos#Byzantine use|strategos]]'') of [[Sicily]], Gregorio, against the [[Aghlabids|Aghlabid]] invaders. It is one of the earliest evidences of the independence of the city.<ref>{{cite book|last=Benvenuti|first=Gino|title=Le Repubbliche Marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia|year=1985|publisher=Newton & Compton Editori|location=Rome|isbn=88-8289-529-7|page=13}}</ref>
* At the death of king [[Hemming of Denmark|Hemming]] of [[Denmark]] two claimants to the throne, [[Sigfred (Danish king 812)|Sigfred]] and [[Anulo]], meet in [[Anulo#The 812 battle|battle]] but are both killed. [[Harald Klak|Harald]] and [[Reginfrid]], brothers of Anulo, becomes joint kings of Denmark.

==== Britain ====
* King [[Sigered of Essex]] is reduced to the rank of [[duke]], by his [[Mercia]]n overlords.

==== Abbasid Caliphate ====
* [[Fourth Fitna]]: Forces loyal to [[al-Ma'mun]], led by [[Tahir ibn Husayn]], blockade [[Baghdad]], which is loyal to al-Ma'mun's brother, Caliph [[al-Amin]], and begin the year-long [[Siege of Baghdad (812–813)|Siege of Baghdad]].

==== China ====
* The [[China|Chinese]] government takes over the issuing of paper [[Cheque|bank drafts]], the ancestor of [[Banknote|paper money]].
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